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The Gallbladder (GB)
Published in Narda G. Robinson, Interactive Medical Acupuncture Anatomy, 2016
Extensor digitorum longus muscle: Extends the lateral four digits; dorsiflexes the ankle. In conjunction with the extensor hallucis longus muscle, the extensor digitorum longus muscle functions to help control, or slow down, the descent of the forefoot to the floor right after heel-strike. This averts “foot-slap.” Prevents excessive postural sway backward.
The Foot
Published in Gene L. Colborn, David B. Lause, Musculoskeletal Anatomy, 2009
Gene L. Colborn, David B. Lause
In addition to extending the great toe, the extensor hallucis longus dorsiflexes and inverts the foot. The extensor digitorum longus muscle extends the lateral toes, but also - with the peroneus tertius - dorsiflexes and everts the foot.
Soft-Tissue Repair for Proximal and Middle Third Problems
Published in Armstrong Milton B., Lower extremity Trauma, 2006
Kreithen Joshua, Woodberry Kerri, O Seung-Jun
The extensor digitorum longus muscle originates on the lateral tibial condyle of the anterior surface of the fibula and the interosseous membrane. The muscle inserts on the middle and distal phalanges of the four lateral toes and its function is to extend the four lateral toes. The extensor digitorum longus muscle is 4 X 35 cm2 and is located on the anterolateral aspect of the leg, lateral to the tibialis anterior. This muscle is expendable because the extensor digitorum brevis muscle will provide proximal inter-phalangeal joint extension. Because distal interphalangeal extension will be lost, the functional muscle-tendon unit may be preserved with elevation of the flap, resulting in a transferable 5 X 8 cm2 muscle. This muscle flap has applications in coverage of defects of the middle and lower thirds of the tibia.
Resveratrol Blunts Mitochondrial Loss in Slow and Mixed Skeletal Muscle Phenotypes of Non-Human Primates following a Long-Term High Fat/Sugar Diet
Published in Journal of Dietary Supplements, 2023
Jon-Philippe K. Hyatt, Rafael de Cabo, Julie A. Mattison
Stephenson et al. (61) reported that, unlike in the soleus muscle, the fast extensor digitorum longus muscle exhibited a slight (13–18%), but significant, increase in OXPHOS proteins following a 12-week high fat/sucrose (e.g. Western) diet. Here, no significant increases were observed in HFS muscles, although RESV treatment elicited a modest increase in proteins of complexes I, II, and III in HFSR soleus, but not plantaris, muscles. It is possible that without the additive stimulus of, for example, aerobic exercise, RESV supplementation has minimal impact on OXPHOS protein expression (49) and respiration (62, 63) particularly in a mixed muscle phenotype. Given the emerging role of humanin and MOTS-c in modulating glucose and/or lipid metabolism (36, 43–45), we expected expression to increase within HFS and HFSR muscles, but detected no changes in HFS or HFSR groups. It is possible that the expression of these peptides are responsive to more acute perturbations in diet and/or muscle activity than lengthy interventions used in the present study (45). Likewise, proteins associated with fusion/fission events of the mitochondria were not impacted in the presence of RESV treatment, although we cannot discount the occurrence of molecular habituation to chronic exposure to diet and RESV on gene expression or protein translation, which may differ from acute or short-term consumption (64).
Simulated anterior translation and medial rotation of the talus affect ankle joint contact forces during vertical hopping
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2020
The increase in AJFs due to changing talus alignment may be explained in several ways. First, the change in the physical positioning of the talus with respect to the tibia may change the arthrokinematics of the ankle joint such that the direction of the ankle joint reaction force vector is also affected. Second, changing the talus position may also affect the moment arm of the muscles that cross the ankle joint. For example, data from all participants suggest that 10 mm of AT of the talus decreased the moment arm of the tibialis anterior muscle 17.4 ± 2.0% compared to the moment arm in a neutrally positioned talus. Consequently, the force produced by the tibialis anterior muscle increased 10.5 ± 8.0%, which given the muscles line of pull likely contributed to the increase in the AJF in the anteroposterior direction. Similarly, the same amount of talus AT decreased the moment arm of the extensor digitorum longus muscle 13.7 ± 2.1% but increased muscle force 13.6 ± 11.1%, which likely contributed to the increase in the AJF in the anteroposterior direction given the muscle’s line of pull.
Proteomic profiling of fatty acid binding proteins in muscular dystrophy
Published in Expert Review of Proteomics, 2020
Paul Dowling, Stephen Gargan, Margit Zweyer, Dieter Swandulla, Kay Ohlendieck
Fluctuating metabolic requirements for energy and changing demands for the storage and release of the biochemical building blocks of fat, carbohydrate and protein is a constant challenge to the organism. Especially an efficient switch between basal metabolic rates during stages of rest or muscular disuse versus phases of extensive physical activity has to be provided by the interplay between adipocytes, hepatocytes and myocytes. Differing types of skeletal muscle activity, such as short bursts of intense work versus medium-intensity activity versus extended periods of contractile movements depend on the fine regulation of fat and carbohydrate metabolism [4–6]. In voluntary muscles, fiber type-specific dissimilarities in the degree of fat metabolism are reflected by greater intra-myocellular lipid droplet accumulation in slower contracting soleus muscle with a predominate oxidative metabolism as compared to faster extensor digitorum longus muscle [7].