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Lower Limb Muscles
Published in Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo, Handbook of Muscle Variations and Anomalies in Humans, 2022
Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo, Malynda Williams
Bloome et al. (2003) studied the insertions of the tibialis posterior tendon in 11 feet from 10 cadavers. Each tendon had three distinct bands and their insertions included the fibularis longus tendon in four cases (36.4%). Athavale et al. (2012b) studied the peroneal muscles in 92 cadaveric lower limbs. In five cases (5.4%), the fibularis longus tendon split into two slips. The accessory slip inserted into the cuboid in one case, the peroneal trochlea in two cases, and joined with the main tendon of fibularis longus in two cases.
SBA Answers and Explanations
Published in Vivian A. Elwell, Jonathan M. Fishman, Rajat Chowdhury, SBAs for the MRCS Part A, 2018
Vivian A. Elwell, Jonathan M. Fishman, Rajat Chowdhury
The superficial peroneal nerve supplies the peroneal muscles, hence the loss of ankle eversion. It should be differentiated from the common peroneal nerve injury, which involves loss of function in both superficial and deep peroneal nerves. The deep peroneal nerve supplies the anterior compartment of the leg; injury causes inability to dorsiflex the foot.
General plastic
Published in Tor Wo Chiu, Stone’s Plastic Surgery Facts, 2018
The peroneal muscles are retracted anteriorly, and dissected from the anterolateral surface of the fibula, leaving the periosteum and a thin muscle layer. Then the anterior septum of the lateral compartment, extensor hallucis longus and TP are transected in turn. The interosseous membrane is divided when it is reached.
Immediate and short-term effects of kinesiotaping and lower extremity stretching on pain and disability in individuals with plantar fasciitis: a pilot randomized, controlled trial
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2022
Sulithep Pinrattana, Rotsalai Kanlayanaphotporn, Praneet Pensri
The current study used muscle stretching maneuvers that were different from those reported in previous studies (Radford, Landorf, Buchbinder, and Cook, 2007). In addition to stretching the plantar fascia and Achilles tendon, we stretched the hamstrings and peroneal muscles, which could indirectly treat the factors related to PF. In general, PF results from an abnormal load on the fascia. The undue load on the forefoot via the windlass mechanism might be caused by tightness of the hamstrings (Harty, Soffe, O’Toole, and Stephens, 2005). Furthermore, foot disability in individuals with PF might be related to inferior heel pain (McPoil et al., 2008; Yamsri et al., 2013). Hence, the undue cumulative load on the plantar fascia could aggravate inferior heel pain, leading to increased foot disability (Cole, Seto, and Gazewood, 2006). Moreover, peroneal muscles generally evert the foot during transfer from the heel strike to midstance phases. Tightness in these muscles would decrease the medial longitudinal arch of the foot and lengthen the plantar fascia, leading to injury (Myers, 1997a, 2009).
Lateral ankle anatomical variants predisposing to peroneal tendon impingement
Published in Alexandria Journal of Medicine, 2018
Mahmoud Agha, Mohamed Saied Abdelgawad, Nasser Gamal Aldeen
Peroneal muscles injury is one of the frequently miss-diagnosed Peroneal tendons injuries; despite that it is one of the common responsible causes of chronic lateral ankle pain and instability. Ankle twisting is the commonest encountered lateral ankle joint injury seen in practice, which may not heal completely; leaving persistent lateral ankle pain. Peroneal tendons complex, which are one of the major lateral ankle joint stabilizing factors, are commonly injured in this lateral ankle trauma. Different types of peroneal tendon complex injuries are responsible for a considerable percentage of this long lasting lateral ankle pain and instability. These peroneal complex injuries include tenosynovitis, full or partial thickness tears of the peroneal tendons, superior and inferior peroneal retinaculum injuries, and tendon subluxations or dislocations from the retromalleolar groove (RMG).1,2 History of trauma is commonly achieved in these patients with chronic lateral ankle pain, however if absent it is not an exclusive character for this traumatic etiology of the pain, as it still may be due to repetitive unnoticed micro-trauma. Careful orthopedic examination and meticulous imaging studies are crucial for accurate diagnosis. Some anatomical variants of the lateral ankle structures, which may facilitate peroneal tendons injuries, are commonly seen. Being acquainted by these anatomical variants and annotating this in the ankle MRI report is crucial. This may help the orthopedics for managing some correctable variants, in attempt to maintain lateral ankle joint stability and avoid the possible recurrent similar injuries facilitated by these variants, if not corrected.3,4
Thr124Met myelin protein zero mutation mimicking motor neuron disease
Published in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Degeneration, 2022
Giulia Bisogni, Angela Romano, Amelia Conte, Giorgio Tasca, Daniela Bernardo, Marco Luigetti, Andrea Di Paolantonio, Gian Maria Fabrizi, Agata Katia Patanella, Emiliana Meleo, Mario Sabatelli
At the first examination, he was able to walk unaided; he could neither walk on tip-toes nor heels. Muscle strength was graded 3/5 in the right tibio-peroneal muscles and 4/5 in the left. Hip flexors were slightly weak (MRC = 4/5). Tendon reflexes were absent; there was a mild reduction of sensation with a sock distribution. Sphincter functions were normal and no changes in cognition were evident. EMG examination showed a neurogenic pattern of voluntary activation associated with fibrillation potentials in the tibio-peroneal and triceps surae muscles. NCS showed a motor-sensory neuropathy with slightly reduced NCV (Table 1). The pupils were unresponsive to light and hearing loss was referred.