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Re-Highlighting the Potential Natural Resources for Treating or Managing the Ailments of Gastrointestinal Tract Origin
Published in Debarshi Kar Mahapatra, Cristóbal Noé Aguilar, A. K. Haghi, Applied Pharmaceutical Practice and Nutraceuticals, 2021
Vaibhav Shende, Sameer A. Hedaoo, Mojabir Hussen Ansari, Pooja Bhomle, Debarshi Kar Mahapatra
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is also known as heartburn or acid reflux. It occurs whilst the hoop of muscle fibers that surrounds the doorway to our stomach (known as the decrease esophageal sphincter) turns weak and acts as a substitute of ultimate tightly closed to save the backflow of food back up. Esophagus, it remains partially open, allowing partly digested meals and belly acid to leak lower back up the esophagus, inflicting irritation. The primary signs associated with GERD are regurgitation, heartburn, chest pain, and nausea.9
The Effect of Activated Inflammatory Cells on Colonic Smooth Muscle Contraction
Published in William J. Snape, Stephen M. Collins, Effects of Immune Cells and Inflammation on Smooth Muscle and Enteric Nerves, 2020
Lin Chang, Martha Hierro, Louise E. LeDuc, Fergus Shanahan, Fabio Cominelli, William J. Snape
Decreased smooth muscle force development associated with contiguous mucosal inflammation is not unique to the colon in ulcerative colitis. The lower esophageal sphincter is decreased when the mucosa is inflammed in reflux esophagitis.6,7 In addition, gallbladder smooth muscle contracts poorly when gallstone cholecystitis is present.8 The decrease in smooth muscle force development associated with mucosal inflammation is not universal since there is increased contractility in nematode enteritis.8a
Introduction
Published in Shayne C. Gad, Toxicology of the Gastrointestinal Tract, 2018
Just superior to the diaphragm, the esophagus narrows slightly due to a maintained contraction of the muscularis at the lowest part of the esophagus. This physiological sphincter, known as the lower esophageal sphincter, relaxes during swallowing and thus allows the bolus to pass from the esophagus into the stomach.
Current status and advances in esophageal drug delivery technology: influence of physiological, pathophysiological and pharmaceutical factors
Published in Drug Delivery, 2023
Ai Wei Lim, Nicholas J. Talley, Marjorie M. Walker, Gert Storm, Susan Hua
The esophagus is a part of the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract) that connects the pharynx to the stomach. It is a hollow, muscular channel that delivers swallowed food bolus to the stomach. The thickness of the esophageal wall in healthy individuals varies depending on the section of the esophagus, with the largest wall thickness during esophageal contraction of 4.70 mm (95%CI: 4.44-4.95) and during esophageal dilation of 2.11 mm (95%CI: 2.00-2.23) (Xia et al., 2009). The esophagus begins at the upper esophageal sphincter that is formed by the cricopharyngeal muscle and ends with the lower esophageal sphincter, which is surrounded by the crural diaphragm (Standring, 2020). While the average length of the esophagus in an adult is between 23 to 25 cm, the length in children at birth varies between 8 to 10 cm (Standring, 2020; Scott-Brown et al., 2008). The esophagus is lined with non-keratinized squamous epithelium in humans and the muscular elements are smooth muscle (Standring, 2020).
A case-control comparative study between Toupet-Sleeve and conventional sleeve gastrectomy in patients with preoperative gastroesophageal reflux
Published in Acta Chirurgica Belgica, 2023
Philippe Hauters, Etienne van Vyve, Iulia Stefanescu, Charles-Edouard Gielen, Sylvie Nachtergaele, Manon Mahaudens
Based on the questionnaire, we observed a complete resolution of GERD symptoms without any PPI intake in 89% of the patients in the T-Sleeve group whereas such a favorable evolution was only noted in 34% in the SG group. This is in accordance with the current literature data of 87 to 95% of GERD resolution after SG with concomitant fundoplication [6,25–29]. An extensive postoperative workup including routine endoscopy, manometry, and PH-impedance-metry was performed in one study [25] and demonstrated that Dor-Sleeve recreates a functional lower esophageal sphincter able to control GERD at least with a 1-year follow-up. No data are available about the long-term evolution of GERD in those patients and there is currently no proof that the anti-reflux procedure will remain efficient over time especially in case of weight regain. It must be pointed out that one patient in the T-Sleeve group had a bad functional result with major bloating and dysphagia that were in correlation with a wrap dilatation. This illustrates that specific complications related to the wrap itself may be expected like it was previously described after conventional Nissen fundoplication [9].
Pneumatic dilation for esophageal achalasia: patient selection and perspectives
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 2022
Abdul Mohammed, Rajat Garg, Neethi Paranji, Aneesh V. Samineni, Prashanthi N. Thota, Madhusudhan R. Sanaka
Achalasia is an idiopathic esophageal motility disorder that occurs due to the selective loss of inhibitory neurons in the myenteric plexus of the distal esophagus and lower esophageal sphincter (LES), causing an imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory activity [1,2]. It results in esophageal aperistalsis and impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). It is a rare disease with an estimated prevalence of 10.82 and incidence of 0.3–1.63 per 100,000 adults per year [3]. Clinical manifestations of achalasia include dysphagia, regurgitation, chest pain, weight loss, and aspiration pneumonia. There is no cure for achalasia, and treatment is palliative and aimed at reducing the LES pressure so that gravity can assist in esophageal emptying. Pneumatic dilation (PD) and esophagomyotomy, either laparoscopic Heller myotomy (LHM) or per oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM), is the standard treatment modalities [4,5]. Patients failing treatment or left untreated can progress to end-stage achalasia. Standard endoscopic dilators are ineffective in disrupting the muscularis propria at LES, which is needed for symptoms relief. PD is an effective option for the treatment of achalasia. The technique has evolved from the use of standard high-compliant dilators to less compliant Rigiflex dilators (Boston Scientific, Marlborough, MA).