China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Golgi apparatus regulation of differentiation
Published in C. Yan Cheng, Spermatogenesis, 2018
Louis Hermo, Regiana L. Oliveira, Charles E. Smith, Catherine E. Au, John J. M. Bergeron
Three members of the TM9SF family of proteins of unknown function were noted in the isolated germ cell Golgi fraction, with TM9SF3 localized.51 In yeast, a related protein to TM9SF3, emp70 (endomembrane protein 70), has been considered as endocytic and involved in eisosome regulation (a subdomain of the plasma membrane marked for endocytosis).70 In mammalian cells, emp70 has been considered to be involved in endosome to Golgi trafficking.71 In our study,51 TM9SF3 is a Golgi integral membrane protein uncovered for the first time as a Golgi marker not only to germ cells (Figure 1.8a and c), but also with a ubiquitous expression in many other cell types, such as Sertoli and Leydig cells (Figure 1.8c), epididymal epithelial cells,51 and neurons of the brain (not shown).
Protein markers for Candida albicans EVs include claudin-like Sur7 family proteins
Published in Journal of Extracellular Vesicles, 2020
Charlotte S Dawson, Donovan Garcia-Ceron, Harinda Rajapaksha, Pierre Faou, Mark R Bleackley, Marilyn A Anderson
GO enrichment analyses of the proteins in each of these clusters were performed to provide further insight into the functional roles of C. albicans EV proteins with similar log2(FC) patterns. The 13 proteins in C8 are cell surface/wall (Crh11, Mp65, Msb2, Pga4, Pga52, Plb4.5, Sap9) or plasma membrane-localised proteins (Cdc42, Ena21, Hgt1, orf19.6741, Phm7, Rho3) involved in cell wall organisation, establishment of cell polarity and pathogenesis. Many of the cell surface/wall proteins, such as Mp65 and Bgl2, are immunogenic and are released extracellularly by soluble secretion as well as in vesicles in vitro [31,67,68]. C1, C2 and C3 also contain primarily plasma membrane-associated proteins, many of which function in cell wall biosynthesis and organisation, morphogenesis and pathogenesis. Of note is the enrichment of proteins from the eisosome; a fungal plasma membrane domain also known as the membrane compartment containing Can1 (MCC). Several MCC/eisosome proteins are EV enriched or exclusive across all C. albicans strains including the transmembrane proteins Sur7, Nce102, orf19.6741. The cytosolic eisosome proteins Lsp1 and Pil1 were also detected in EVs but were not enriched. C1 also contains the multidrug transporter Cdr1 (and Cdr2, which cannot be distinguished from Cdr1 based on the peptides identified in this study) that is associated with azole resistance [69]. The locations and functions of C4 proteins are more varied but importantly include GTPases and secretory pathway proteins. Small GTPases are associated with intracellular vesicular trafficking and regulate a variety of membrane fusion events [70,71]. C5, C6 and C7 proteins are mostly cytosolic or ribosomal proteins with functions in glycolysis and translation.