China 
Africa 
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Diseases of the Peripheral Nerve and Mononeuropathies
Published in Philip B. Gorelick, Fernando D. Testai, Graeme J. Hankey, Joanna M. Wardlaw, Hankey's Clinical Neurology, 2020
Diana Mnatsakanova, Charles K. Abrams
Courses anteriorly along the intrapelvic wall within a tunnel in the dense obturator fascia and divides into three branches: The inferior rectal nerve supplies the external anal sphincter, the perianal skin, and the mucosa of the lower anal canal.The perineal nerve innervates the muscles of the perineum, the erectile tissue of the penis, the external urethral sphincter, the distal part of the mucous membrane of the urethra, and the skin of the perineum and labia/scrotum.The dorsal nerve of the clitoris/penis supplies the corpus cavernosum then courses forward on the dorsum of the clitoris/penis to innervate the skin, prepuce, and glans.
Female Methods
Published in Sujoy K. Guba, Bioengineering in Reproductive Medicine, 2020
A common choice of the mode of stimulation is the urethral catheter mounted electrodes (Figure 11.11). Stimulus can also be delivered to the dorsal nerve of the clitoris. Excitation is by means of an electrical pulse of 0.05- to 1-ms duration with the amplitude generally maintained below the threshold of perception, which is about 25 V.28 Evoked response pickup sites are the anal sphincter with anal plug electrode; the urethral sphincter or the levator ani muscle by means of a concentric EMG electrode with the indifferent electrode positioned on the thigh. Stimulus threshold to elicit a response and the latency period between the stimulus pulse and the evoked response is noted. The former is subject to a number of variables not related to the neurological function, for instance the electrode contact impedance. Hence the latency value is given greater weightage in diagnosis. For the urethral stimulation and anal sphincter response the normal latency falls in the range of 50 to 70 ms and is prolonged in cases of autonomic dysfunction.
The development and anatomy of the female sexual organs and pelvis
Published in Helen Bickerstaff, Louise C Kenny, Gynaecology, 2017
The pudendal nerve arises from the second, third and fourth sacral nerves. As it passes along the outer wall of the ischiorectal fossa, it gives off an inferior rectal branch and divides into the perineal nerve and dorsal nerve of the clitoris. The perineal nerve gives the sensory supply to the vulva and also innervates the anterior part of the external anal canal and the levator ani and the superficial perineal muscles. The dorsal nerve of the clitoris is sensory. Sensory fibres from the mons and labia also pass in the ilioinguinal and genitofemoral nerves to the first lumbar root. The posterior femoral cutaneous nerve carries sensation from the perineum to the small sciatic nerve and thus to the first, second and third sacral nerves. The main nerve supply of the levator ani muscles comes from the third and fourth sacral nerves.
Maintaining sexual function after pelvic floor surgery
Published in Climacteric, 2019
Innervation of the vagina arises from hypogastric and sacral plexus. These supply the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve supply to the pelvic organs whereas the somatic sensory supply is from the pudendal nerve. The clitoris in innervated by the sympathetic (T1–L3) and parasympathetic (S2–S4) fibers with somatic sensory innervation arising from the dorsal nerve of the clitoris. Engorgement of the female genitalia is mediated through the autonomic nerve supply. These structures may be altered during pelvic floor surgery and one hypothesis of genital arousal disorders occurring postoperatively is autonomic denervation of the female erectile tissue.
The Role of Pudendal Nerve Block in Colorectal Surgery: A Systematic Review
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2021
Michael G. Fadel, Laura Peltola, Gianluca Pellino, Gabriela Frunza, Christos Kontovounisios
The pudendal nerve is a mixed sensory and motor nerve that arises from S2, S3 and S4 nerve roots in the sacral plexus [1]. It exits the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen and reenters the perineum to course through the ischiorectal fossa and Alcock’s canal. Here, the pudendal nerve accompanies the pudendal blood vessels and divides into three branches: inferior rectal nerve, perineal nerve, and the dorsal nerve of the clitoris or penis. The pudendal nerve provides innervation to the urethral muscles, clitoris, penis, perineum and pelvic floor sphincter, urethra and bladder triangle [2, 3].