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Ailments and Diseases
Published in James Sherifi, General Practice Under the NHS, 2023
Faecal microbiology provided the first useful investigation in identifying symptoms with an infective origin. Barium meals and enemas became the imaging technology of choice in diagnosing pathology of the digestive tract, but these, of course, could only be performed in hospital. The first colonoscopy was performed in 1969, but it did not become widely used until the late 1970s.
Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE), also known as Grönblad-Strandberg syndrome, causes yellow papules, or bumps, to develop on the neck, underarms, and other areas of skin friction. It is a progressive genetic disease in which calcium deposits and other minerals accumulate in elastic fibers. Mineralization of elastic fibers primarily affects the skin, the retina, and blood vessels. On occasion, the digestive tract can be also be involved. Complications include eye abnormalities which can involve bleeding and scarring of the retina, leading to vision loss. Atherosclerosis and claudication are other frequent complications.
Colorectal Surgery for Deep Endometriosis Infiltrating the Bowel
Published in Nazar N. Amso, Saikat Banerjee, Endometriosis, 2022
Hanan Alsalem, Jean-Jacques Tuech, Damien Forestier, Benjamin Merlot, Myriam Noailles, Horace Roman
Digestive function outcomes are directly related to the removed part of the digestive tract, bowel denervation, loss of compliance or hypersensitivity and may lead to unbearable symptoms such as anal incontinence, major dyschezia and fecal urgency (6). Surgeons should always be aware that surgery may result in several unfavorable functional outcomes, and normal bowel function may be incompletely regained (29,30). Those outcomes may be either temporary (in most cases) or persistent; therefore, the need for proper patient counseling of this risk, especially when low colorectal resections are required. Fortunately, most authors have reported a very low risk of recurrence in patients managed by colorectal resection (15).
Therapeutic effects of Bombax ceiba flower aqueous extracts against loperamide-induced constipation in mice
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2023
Liuping Wang, Shiyuan Xie, Xuan Jiang, Caini Xu, Youqiong Wang, Jianfang Feng, Bin Yang
Constipation is a common digestive tract disease (Liu et al. 2020) mainly caused by intestinal disorders, which is associated with infrequent bowel movements (Yin et al. 2018), altered bowel habits, difficulty during defecation and disappearance of defecation intention that causes discomfort and seriously affect the quality of life of patients (Wang et al. 2017). Some studies suggest that multiple plant extracts are attracting attention nowadays because of their laxative and there is hardly any side effect on constipation (Gilani et al. 2000; Han 2015; Lu et al. 2021). Moreover, according to the traditional Chinese medicine theory, the B. ceiba flower is cool-natured (Zhang et al. 2015), and is regarded as having laxative property (Shahat et al. 2003). BCE is an aqueous extract from B. ceiba flower, and our study suggests that BCE has a positive effect on relieving the symptoms of loperamide-induced constipation mice.
Prokinetic effects of Citrus reticulata and Citrus aurantium extract with/without Bupleurum chinense using multistress-induced delayed gastric emptying models
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2023
Yanrong Gong, Xiaoxia Liang, Yanting Dai, Xiang Huang, Qiaozhen Su, Yan Ma, Fenglian Chen, Shuling Wang
Food intake and food digestion, including motility of the alimentary tract, secretion and absorption, are crucial physiological events for human beings. However, an abundance of the population worldwide suffers from gastrointestinal motility disorders such as recurrent delayed gastric emptying (DGE). These disorders typically lead to debility symptoms, such as anorexia, runny stool, general malaise and loss of weight. With regard to absence of any underlying organic alteration in the upper digestive tract in most cases, these disorders are called functional dyspepsia (FD) and psychosocial factors are addressed to be involved in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal dysmotility (Mounsey et al. 2020). A systematic review of psychotropic medications compared with placebo for the treatment of FD included three trials of tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and found a reduction in dyspepsia symptoms (Ford et al. 2017).
Intracameral Gnathostomiasis: A Case Report and Literature Review
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2023
Wijak Kongwattananon, Thanaporn Wiriyabanditkul, Waraluck Supwatjariyakul, Thanapong Somkijrungroj
Under light microscope, an advanced third-stage larva of G. Spinigerum is found ranging in size from 2.30 mm to 4.40 mm long and 0.25 mm to 0.43 wide.20 It consists of three parts. The first part is the lip. The second part is the cephalic bulb with a characteristic of four transverse rows of hooklets on its surface. The third part is the body, which has more than 250 transverse rows of cuticular spines encircling the body. The digestive tract comprises a muscular esophagus and an intestine opening down to the anus near the posterior end. Scanning electron microscope can reveal external morphology of the larva in more detail. The mouth of larva is cup-shaped with a pair of lateral lips and labial papillae.7,12 The cephalic bulb is distinguished from the body by collar tissue and has four circumferential rows of hooklets.7 Each row bears 45 to 50 hooklets.7 Cervical papillae is typically found between 9th and 10th rows of body cuticular spines.21