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Sponge Enzyme's Role in Biomineralization and Human Applications
Published in Se-Kwon Kim, Marine Biochemistry, 2023
Moin Merchant, Maushmi S. Kumar
Simple physisorption was used to deposit silicatein onto culture plates, followed by the addition of TEOS to deposit biosilica, resulting in a significant increase in the production of calcium phosphate nodules by human osteosarcoma Saos-2 cells (Schröder et al., 2005). An even more innovative technique is to add an 8-Glu tag to the protein’s N-terminus, which confers hydroxyapatite binding and promotes biosilica formation on synthetic hydroxyapatite nanofibrils and dental hydroxyapatite when biosilica precursor is added (Natalio et al., 2010). Surface flaws and dentinal tubules could be sealed with this “smart glue,” reducing the risk of tooth decay and dental hypersensitivity. It would be interesting to see if limiting silicatein expression on these cells and subsequent deposition of biosilica directly on the cell surface (cf. the bacterial display system in E. coli) could enhance osteoblast mineralization even more, although there is a clear disadvantage in continuous silicatein expression and the potential for undesirable biosilica formation.
Nanopharmaceuticals in Alveolar Bone and Periodontal Regeneration
Published in Harishkumar Madhyastha, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Nanopharmaceuticals in Regenerative Medicine, 2022
Mark A. Reynolds, Zeqing Zhao, Michael D. Weir, Tao Ma, Jin Liu, Hockin H. K. Xu, Abraham Schneider
Furthermore, antibacterial dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate was synthesised and combined with nanoparticles of silver (NAg) in a bonding agent that also had NACP (Zhang et al. 2013). Because of the fine size of NACP and NAg, these nanoparticles easily infiltrated into the tubules in dentine and produced resin tags (Figure 15.3A). The latter property could eliminate residual bacteria in the dentinal tubules and remineralise carious lesions (Figure 15.3B) (Cheng et al. 2013; Zhang et al. 2013; Zhang et al. 2017). It was shown that after immersion in water for half a year, the material maintained its potent antibacterial activity, with no loss in biofilm-inhibition power, than that at 1 day (Zhang et al. 2013). Moreover, adding NACP, methacryloyloxyethylphosphorylcholine (MPC) and DMAHDM into the bonding agent did not compromise the dentin bond strength. Live-dead staining images of periodontal biofilms composed of Streptococcus gordonii, Actinomyces naeslundii, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Fusobacterium nucleatum are shown in Figures 15.3C–F. Indeed, biofilm colony-forming units (CFU) were reduced by 3–4 log via DMAHDM and MPC, and the metabolic activities and polysaccharide production of the biofilms showed great reductions as well (Figures 15.3G and H) (Wang et al. 2017).
Sodium Fluoride
Published in Anton C. de Groot, Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
Sodium fluoride is an inorganic salt of fluoride used topically or in municipal water fluoridation systems to prevent dental caries. Fluoride appears to bind to calcium ions in the hydroxyapatite of surface tooth enamel, preventing corrosion of tooth enamel by acids. This agent may also inhibit acid production by commensal oral bacteria. When topical fluoride is applied to hypersensitive exposed dentin, the formation of insoluble materials within the dentinal tubules blocks transmission of painful stimuli (1).
Nano-hydroxyapatite use in dentistry: a systematic review
Published in Drug Metabolism Reviews, 2020
Ioana Roxana Bordea, Sebastian Candrea, Gabriela Teodora Alexescu, Simion Bran, Mihaela Băciuț, Grigore Băciuț, Ondine Lucaciu, Cristian Mihail Dinu, Doina Adina Todea
Due to its bioactive properties and its capability to induce the mineralization process, nano-HA is used to counteract dentin hypersensitivity. It is considered that the fluid circulation within the tubules may produce an excitation of the receptor cells in the pulp when dentinal tubules are exposed, and this may determine hypersensitivity. This usually appears to cold, hot, sweet or tactile stimuli. Nano-HA can easily penetrate into dentin tubules and react as a mineralizing agent, thus occluding the tubule and stopping the circulation of fluid within. Also, by chemical reactions with the tooth structure, effective and long-lasting therapeutic effect is assured with resistance to mechanical or chemical factors. Nano-HA is more desirable in countering hypersensitivity than desensitizing agents based on its property of surface remineralization adding an apatite coating on the tooth’s surface (Baglar et al. 2018).
The influence of kinematics of engine-driven nickel-titanium instruments on root canal shape assessed by micro-computed tomography: a systematic review
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2019
Sandro Junio de Oliveira Tavares, Estéfano Borgo Sarmento, Ludmila da Silva Guimarães, Lívia Azeredo Alves Antunes, Leonardo Santos Antunes, Cinthya Cristina Gomes
Surface area increase is also linked to dentin removal during instrumentation. Eight studies did not show statistically significant difference. While four of the studies reveal the reciprocating movement as slightly more effective than the rotary one [3,21,23,35], one study showed the slightly better rotational movement [25]. Those studies showed statistically significant difference in one of the analysed parameters. One study revealed that the reciprocating movement obtained greater increase in surface area using Reciproc [29]; however, one study showed rotary system obtained statistically significant difference with a greater increase in surface area, except in the cervical third where there was no statistically significant difference [36]. In short, both kinematics caused changes on the surface area. Over-instrumentation of the root canal could result in excessive wear of the root [29] leading to the formation of dentinal micro-cracks which could lead to root fractures [47]. However, the increase of the surface area, as well as in the increase of volume, to obtain a larger area of contact with the irrigant substance facilitates more effective cleaning [45]. This greater contact of the irrigant with the inner surface of the root canal achieves greater penetration into the dentinal tubules. This fact is important because bacteria can form biofilm and colonize the unprepared areas. They can also remain in the dentinal tubules and produce a persistent infection and apical periodontitis [48].
Passive ultrasonic irrigation in root canal: systematic review and meta-analysis
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2019
Rafaela Nogueira Moreira, Elizabete Bagordakis Pinto, Rodrigo Galo, Saulo Gabriel Moreira Falci, Ana Terezinha Mesquita
Clinically, the conventional irrigation methods make irrigation solution flow more difficult in the apical third due to its atresic configuration. However, it is possible to establish an irrigant flow in this region using fine caliber needles. Moreover, the apical third presents a lower density of dentinal tubules but, on the other hand, there is a high frequency of secondary and accessory canals. Taking into account that the passive ultrasonic irrigation by generating vibration waves improves the penetration potential of the irrigant in the lateral canals [11], strategically an adequate combination of irrigating solutions [21] coupled to the technologic use of passive ultrasonic vibration could provide superior cleaning of areas previously considered inaccessible to biomechanical preparation.