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The Roman Empire
Published in Scott M. Jackson, Skin Disease and the History of Dermatology, 2023
A large proportion of the Latin words in the texts of Celsus and the other Latin writers were borrowed from the Greek through a process known as transliteration—the swapping of Greek letters for Latin letters that make similar sounds. Other words are original Latin ones, such as the three words that were used by the Romans to denote “skin”: pellis, cutis, and corium; each initially meant something that covered and protected. The high number of occurrences of the word cutis in Celsus may have elevated that word to be the sole designation for “human skin” in medicine, and pellis or corium both eventually referred to “animal hide.”129Cutis later morphed into cutaneus (Latin) and cutaneous (English). Integument derives from the Latin tego, “to cover.”130 “Tangible” and “tactile” come from tango, “to touch.” The words “follicle” and “sebum” come from the Latin, folliculus, meaning “pod,” “small bag,” or “shell,” and sebum, meaning “grease” or “tallow.”131 “Perspiration” comes from perspiro, “to breathe through.”
Differential Diagnosis
Published in Vineet Relhan, Vijay Kumar Garg, Sneha Ghunawat, Khushbu Mahajan, Comprehensive Textbook on Vitiligo, 2020
Hemant Kumar Kar, Gunjan Verma
Pityriasis alba: Pityriasis alba is another common dermatosis characterized by hypopigmentation, presenting with pale-white, well- to moderately defined, very slightly scaling plaques. A relationship with sun exposure, xerosis cutis, and atopy has been suggested. This disease is usually reported in children between 6 and 16 years old, with lesions typically occurring in the face and upper arms. On histological examination, a normal presence of melanocytes and melanin is seen.
To what extent should surgical excision be implemented to port-wine stains, and when?
Published in Byung-Boong Lee, Peter Gloviczki, Francine Blei, Jovan N. Markovic, Vascular Malformations, 2019
For patients where surgical resection is indicated (as described earlier), precise treatment planning is important. Due to the vasculogenic defect in capillary malformations, the formation of pathological vascularization is an inborn error of this region, so that even after the radical resection with free flaps, pathological vessels may occur. Therefore, a coordinated procedure has to be planned. This procedure should include several laser sessions, not only with flashlamp-pumped pulsed-dye laser (FPDL) but even with near-infrared lasers (described in Chapter 88).2, 3 As much of a reduction of the pathological vessel should be achieved as is possible (Figure 89.1). Then, in the interval, surgical resection of the cutis laxa and other excessive tissue can be performed. In case of deformity of denture, proper surgery for mandibular bone correction can be added to reconstitute the function.
Preventing sepsis development in complicated urinary tract infections
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2020
Nicola Petrosillo, Guido Granata, Breida Boyle, Maeve M. Doyle, Biagio Pinchera, Fabrizio Taglietti
Patients with cUTIs are at risk for complications including sepsis. The first and most important step is the clinical diagnosis of urinary tract infection. The diagnosis can be made by the presence of symptoms of cystitis (dysuria, urinary urgency, frequency of urination) with fever or signs or symptoms of systemic illness, such as chills, rigors, or acute mental status changes, or in the presence of flank pain or costovertebral angle tenderness with bacteriuria. In these cases, the presence of pyuria and bacteriuria support the diagnosis. Finally, fever or sepsis without localizing symptoms in the presence of bacteriuria may be attributed to urinary tract infections if other causes have been ruled out.
Exploring the burden of xerosis cutis and the impact of dermatological skin care from patient's perspective
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2022
Catharina C. von Stülpnagel, Matthias Augustin, Neuza da Silva, Laura Schmidt, Gesa Nippel, Rachel Sommer
Xerosis cutis (dry skin) is defined as dehydration of the skin. The condition is characterized by decreased quantity and/or quality of lipids and/or hydrophilic substances (natural moisturizing factor) (1,2). Xerosis cutis is a skin condition itself, but can also be a symptom of another condition such as atopic dermatitis (AD) (3,4). Xerosis cutis affects approximately 30% of the general population. Moreover, prevalence is higher (55.6%) among elderly people at a mean age of 75.1 years (5,6).
A review of recent advances in the treatment of adults with complicated urinary tract infection
Published in Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology, 2022
Emanuele Rando, Francesca Giovannenze, Rita Murri, Emilio Sacco
Subsequent to an appropriate discussion among the authors, the review has been structured as follows: 1) management of cUTIs; 2) directed therapy for cUTIs adopting a multi-drug resistant organisms (MDROs)-based approach. Data regarding these topics have been obtained through MEDLINE/PubMed, entering the search terms appropriate for our aim. Then, the review was drafted and mutually revised. The final paper was produced in May 2022, being read and approved by all authors.