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Neuro-ophthalmology
Published in Mostafa Khalil, Omar Kouli, The Duke Elder Exam of Ophthalmology, 2019
The optic radiations connect the LGN to the occipital lobe. Superior optic radiations, representing the inferior visual field quadrants, pass through the parietal lobe and terminate at the primary visual cortex (also known as V1 or Brodmann area 17) in the occipital lobe, superior to the calcarine sulcus (cuneus gyrus). The inferior optic radiations (Meyer's loop), representing the superior visual field quadrants, pass through the temporal lobe and terminate at the primary visual cortex, inferior to the calcarine sulcus (lingual gyrus). The macula is represented posteriorly just lateral to the tip of the calcarine sulcus.
The Relaxation SystemTherapeutic Modalities
Published in Len Wisneski, The Scientific Basis of Integrative Health, 2017
Laser is an acronym for “light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation.” For therapeutic use, the laser acupuncture instrument is monochromatic and consists of helium and neon emissions. Laser acupuncture, also called cold laser therapy, is effective for wound healing, ulcers, burns, pain, including pain related to temporomandibular joints (TMJ). In a trial that compared the use of drug therapy (desmopressin) and laser acupuncture for children (n = 10) 5 years or older with nocturnal enuresis, 75% of the children taking the pharmaceutical were dry at 6 months, while 65% of those receiving laser acupuncture were dry—offering an effective, noninvasive, alternative therapy (Radmayr et al., 2001). Interestingly, one study showed that laser acupuncture of the left foot at the point called “Bladder 67” activated the cuneus corresponding to Brodmann Area 18, as detected by functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), while placebo stimulation had no effect (Siedentopf et al., 2002). Further research in this area is warranted and is likely to be promising. Low-energy laser beams are used to stimulate traditional acupuncture points without the use of needles. The laser is applied for 15–90 seconds in a continuous or a pulsed manner (Kahn, 1994; Lieberman, 1991).
The viva: operative surgery and surgical anatomy
Published in Vivian A. Elwell, Ramez Kirollos, Syed Al-Haddad, Neurosurgery, 2014
Vivian A. Elwell, Ramez Kirollos, Syed Al-Haddad
The lateral part of the sulcus is situated about 5 cm in front of the occipital pole. The medial part runs downward and forward as a deep cleft on the medial surface of the hemisphere, and joins the calcarine fissure below and behind the posterior end of the corpus callosum. In most cases it contains a submerged gyrus. It marks the boundary between the cuneus and precuneus, and also between the parietal and occipital lobes. It is located approximately in line with the lambdoid suture.
Altered brain activity and functional connectivity in migraine without aura during and outside attack
Published in Neurological Research, 2023
Luping Zhang, Wenjing Yu, Zhengxiang Zhang, Maosheng Xu, Feng Cui, Wenwen Song, Zhijian Cao
The MWoA-DI patients also showed decreased ALFF with peaks in the right cuneus extended to the right calcarine and superior occipital gyrus. Furthermore, the ALFF value in this region was negatively correlated with the MIDAS score in MWoA-DI patients. These results showed that MWoA-DI patients had impaired right calcarine functions, which may be related to the disease severity. The cuneus is within the extrastriate cortex and is classically related to visual information processing. Besides, it is related to multisensory integration and cognitive processing, including attention, learning, and memory [28]. It is thought that the cuneus is involved in pain processing [29], and cortical thinning and altered cuneus function have been demonstrated in other pain conditions [30–32]. There is evidence that cuneus is involved in the pathophysiology of migraine. A morphometry study found that compared with HC, MWoA-DI patients have reduced cortical thickness in the cuneus [33]. Related studies found that compared with HC, cuneus activation is lower in migraine patients during the interictal phase [34,35]. In addition, our correlation analysis suggested that the degree of cuneus function impairment increased with the disease severity. Thus, the dysfunctioning of the cuneus in the interictal phase may serve as the risk factor for severe migraine attacks.
Functional connectivity from dorsolateral prefrontal cortex mediates the impact of social jetlag on depressive tendency in young adults
Published in Chronobiology International, 2023
Yan Jia, Yun Tian, Haien Wang, Xu Lei
The cuneus also participates in visuospatial processing and visual association as a component of the visual cortex (Kunimatsu et al. 2020). Long-range projections from the prefrontal lobe have been demonstrated to regulate neural activity in sensory brain regions, and frontal-occipital neuronal connections have been linked to the processing of visual stimuli (Zhang et al. 2016). This disrupted neuronal connection in depressed patients causes defective top-down attentional control, which results in improper information filtering in the visual cortex (Desseilles et al. 2009). One of the cognitive factors causing and maintaining depression problems is the inability to allocate attention to the appropriate emotional cues (Disner et al. 2011). Furthermore, reduced functional connectivity of the cuneus was found in depressed individuals with low sleep efficiency, suggesting that functional abnormalities of the cuneus may underlie impaired visual information processing in sleep disorders co-morbid with depression (Zhu et al. 2020).
Cortical and cerebellar structural correlates of cognitive-motor integration performance in females with and without persistent concussion symptoms
Published in Brain Injury, 2023
Johanna M. Hurtubise, Diana J. Gorbet, Loriann Hynes, Alison K. Macpherson, Lauren E. Sergio
In addition, the volume and thickness of cortical regions of interest were examined. These regions were determined a-priori and known to be involved in the frontoparietal network for visually guided reaching (28,48,49). Regions in the parietal lobe included the right and left superior parietal lobe (SPL), inferior parietal lobe (IPL), and precuneus. In the frontal lobe, regions of interest included the right and left precentral, superior frontal, rostral middle frontal (rMFG), and caudal middle frontal (cMFG) regions. Finally, the cuneus, which is a region within the occipital lobe, was also investigated. Both the thickness and volume were extracted from each subject using the Desikan-Killiany cortical parcellation atlas (50). The cortical parcellation of the FreeSurfer template was mapped back onto the individual subject and adjusted for small variations. The values of each individual subject’s thickness and volume of the aforementioned regions were then extracted and structural volumes were corrected for TIV using a proportion method.