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Head and Neck Muscles
Published in Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo, Handbook of Muscle Variations and Anomalies in Humans, 2022
Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo, Warrenkevin Henderson, Hannah Jacobson, Noelle Purcell, Kylar Wiltz
The presentation of the temporalis may be affected by congenital malformations and cephalic disorders. Temporalis can be underdeveloped in cases of hemifacial microsomia (e.g., Takashima et al. 2003). Mieden (1982) describes two male fetuses with cyclopia and alobar holoprosencephaly. In one specimen, the muscles of mastication were absent on the right side and temporalis and masseter were small on the left side. In an otocephalic fetus examined by Lawrence and Bersu (1984), the mandible was represented by two separate bony masses located within the middle ear cavities. Due to this anomaly, temporalis and masseter fused at the midline into a muscle mass that formed the floor of the oral cavity. Temporalis also sent fibers to the bony masses that represented the coronoid process of each mandible. In a fetus with craniorachischisis, Alghamdi et al. (2017) found that temporalis was absent on the right side and was represented by undifferentiated muscle tissue between the eye and the ear on the left side.
Nasopharynx
Published in Neeraj Sethi, R. James A. England, Neil de Zoysa, Head, Neck and Thyroid Surgery, 2020
The infratemporal approach requires removal of the zygoma and reflection of the temporalis muscle. A hemicoronal incision is made from below the zygoma in the preauricular area and extends behind the hairline. Dissection proceeds in the lateral superficial to the temporals fascia. Anteriorly, a fat pad on the muscle protects the superior branch of the facial nerve. At this point, dissection proceeds deep to the fascia and fat pad. From the posterior margin of the muscle, incise the muscle 1 cm below the superior temporal line down to deep fascia in order to mobilise the muscle inferiorly. Incise the deep fascia along the superior surface of the zygoma. Remove the zygomatic arch after pre-plating in order to facilitate reconstruction on completion of tumour dissection. Inferior dissection is medial to the coronoid process of the mandible.
ExperimentaL Oral Medicine
Published in Samuel Dreizen, Barnet M. Levy, Handbook of Experimental Stomatology, 2020
Samuel Dreizen, Barnet M. Levy
Boyd et al.93 evaluated the effects of loss of muscle tension on the coronoid process of the mandible in the presence of an intact blood supply to the bone. Ten guinea pigs were anesthetized with i.p. sodium pentobarbital and lidocaine hydrochloride in the region of surgery. The temporalis muscle was exposed by an incision made over the left ear through the tela subcutanea and fascia. The entire origin of the muscle was resected from the skull, and the freed muscle was allowed to roll up on itself before the incision was closed. The unoperated side served as a control. All animals were sacrificed 80 days after surgery. Mandibles were removed, cleaned of tissue, and gross comparisons made of the coronoid process between the operated and unoperated sides and between the operated animals and normal guinea pigs of the same age and weight.
Biomechanical analysis of mandibular defect reconstruction based on a new base-fixation system
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2022
Haipo Cui, Liping Gao, Jing Han, Jiannan Liu
The mandible of a healthy volunteer was scanned using a GE Medical Systems Revolution CT machine. The scanned data were imported into the Mimics 21.0 3D reconstruction software for reconstruction of the initial mandible model. Excluding the mandible, other tissues of the head were removed using the “Threshold,” “Split mask,” and “Edit mask,” operations; furthermore, the cortical bone and cancellous bone were distinguished based on the Hounsfield Unit values (cortical bone: 662–1988 and cancellous bone: 148–661). The model was then imported into Geomagic Wrap 2017, a reverse engineering software, for surface refinement processing to obtain the 3D reconstruction model of the mandible. The fibular model was generated in the same manner. The mandibular and fibular models were imported into Geomagic Design X. The bottom of the right half and the coronoid process of the mandible were removed via Boolean operations to obtain the mandibular defect model.
Efficacy of immediate physiotherapy after surgical release of zygomatico-coronoid ankylosis in a young child: A case report
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2022
Krzysztof Dowgierd, Anna Lipowicz, Małgorzata Kulesa-Mrowiecka, Wojciech Wolański, Paweł Linek, Andrzej Myśliwiec
At the age of 19 months, surgery was performed from an internal access. After cutting the mucosa of the oral vestibule on the ankylosis side, the jawbone was accessed, and then the coronoid process of the mandible was exposed, together with the zygomatic bone shaft. The main cause for the restriction of joint mobility was determined during the detailed intraoperative analysis of the surgical field. Fusion of the coronoid process with the zygomatic arch was found. An osteotomy was performed to remove the bone fusion between the zygomatic bone shaft and coronoid process of the mandible. This procedure allowed for obtaining a correct opening without the need to introduce interpositional material. Intraoperative the surgeon was able to passively open the jaw up to 30 mm.
The effectiveness of Kinesio taping on nutritive sucking in premature infants admitted to the NICU: a randomized clinical trial
Published in Speech, Language and Hearing, 2023
Azadeh Abedinzadeh, Arash Malakian, Ehsan Naderifar, Debra Beckman, Mohammad Jafar Shaterzadeh Yazdi, Maryam Dastoorpoor, Negin Moradi
Facilitative kinesiotape was the KT technique utilized in this investigation for the KT group. Since an infant's skin is soft and sensitive, we set the upper limit at 12-14% pulling force (Chen et al., 2008). To avoid damage to the sticky layer, time was provided for the alcohol to evaporate after cleaning the skin over the orbicularis oris and masseter muscles using cotton wool soaked in alcohol. Sports Tex Tape was used for taping and manufactured by the #1 leading kinesiology tape manufacturer in Korea. Sports Tex Tapes are latex free, hypoallergenic, and water resistant. High quality cotton fabric makes the tape breathable and comfortable to wear. The length and height of each bandage were determined by measuring the distance between the mouth corners and the philtrum to below the lower lip with a tape measure to facilitate the orbicularis oris muscle. The elastic bandage was then cut into a rectangle using these measurements and the middle was cut with a scalpel. The tape was then attached to the mouth corners in a circular shape with pulling force of about 12-14% in accordance with the anatomy of the orbicularis oris muscle. Lip closure is facilitated with this method as shrinking direction facilitates closure. The masseter muscle was facilitated by the ‘Y’ tape stretched from the lower border of the zygomatic arch and elongated to the coronoid process of the mandible bone under 12-14% pulling force over the masseter muscle (Figure 2). The application was performed in the same way for all infants in the KT group. Parents and staff were instructed to avoid unintentional bandage removal and to refrain from putting the tape back on when it fell off spontaneously, but to wait until the speech therapist applied it. At the same time, infants in the KT group received an oral stimulation program. Taping lasted 6 days and the tape was changed every two days (Lin, Wu, Chang, Lin, & Chou, 2016). Due to its great sensitivity and importance, an oral stimulation program was performed for each infant for 10 consecutive days, as suggested by previous studies. If the infants in the KT group had not yet accessed oral feeding after finishing the taping period, the oral stimulation program was continued to complete the 10-day period. The oral stimulation program utilized in the study was a shortened Fucile prefeeding oral stimulation program performed by a trained therapist once a day for 5 min. The facial and oral structures are stimulated in one-third of the specified time and frequency according to the instructions (Appendix A). Infants in the OS group received an oral stimulation program only as a control group. Hands were washed with soap and water before performing the taping and stimulation. For oral stimulation, the researcher used latex gloves.