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Rhinolaryngoscopy for the Allergist
Published in Pudupakkam K Vedanthan, Harold S Nelson, Shripad N Agashe, PA Mahesh, Rohit Katial, Textbook of Allergy for the Clinician, 2021
Jerald W Koepke, William K Dolen
The framework of the larynx is formed by the thyroid, cricoid and epiglottic cartilages and by pairs of arytenoid, corniculate and cuneiform cartilages. The aryepiglottic folds and the arytenoids are located immediately behind the epiglottis (Fig. 11.6). The aperture of the glottis (rima glottidis) is formed by the true vocal folds (plicae vocales) and the posterior commissure between the arytenoids. The anterior ligament of the true vocal folds is located at the anterior angle of the vocal folds. Between the true vocal folds and the false vocal folds (vestibular folds; plicae ventriculares) is the laryngeal ventricle. The nodular swellings located medially in the aryepiglottic folds are the corniculate cartilages which sit on top of the arytenoid cartilages. Lateral to the corniculate cartilages are the cuneiform cartilages.
Anatomy of the Larynx and Tracheobronchial Tree
Published in John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Terry M Jones, Vinidh Paleri, Nicholas White, Tim Woolford, Head & Neck Surgery Plastic Surgery, 2018
The corniculate cartilages (of Santorini) are two small conical nodules of elastic fibrocartilage, which articulate through a synovial joint with the apices of the arytenoid cartilages. They are situated in the posterior part of the aryepiglottic fold. The cuneiform cartilages (of Wisberg) are two small, elongated flakes of fibroelastic cartilage, one in each free margin of the aryepiglottic fold. The function of these cartilages is uncertain. They may act to provide structural rigidity to the aryepiglottic folds somewhat like curtain weights.
Stridor in infants
Published in Prem Puri, Newborn Surgery, 2017
There are numerous classifications for laryngomalacia based on either anatomy or severity. The features of laryngomalacia by anatomic designation are collapse of the cuneiform and corniculate cartilages, posterior inspiratory displacement of the epiglottis, short aryepiglottic folds (AE folds), and long tubular (omega-shaped) epiglottis. 3–10 In severe cases, the vocal cords cannot be visualized.
Airflow through the supraglottis during inspiration
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2023
L. Reid, M. Hayatdavoodi, S. Majumdar
The presentation of EILO typically occurs in the supraglottic region, but closure at the glottis, or a combination of both has been documented (Nielsen et al. 2013; Walsted et al. 2021). Supraglottic collapse during EILO involves the anteromedial movement of the arytenoid cartilages and overlying mucosa with their associated corniculate cartilages, including the posterior aspect of the aryepiglottic folds. The supraglottis is defined as the upper region of the larynx situated between the laryngeal inlet and the glottis. The mechanism behind supraglottic collapse is largely unknown but several hypotheses have been proposed. Halvorsen et al. (2017) published a statement on behalf of the European Respiratory Society and European Laryngological Society which outlines three pathophysiological mechanisms of inducible laryngeal obstruction, with mechanical insufficiency being implicated in the supraglottic obstruction observed during exercise. This hypothesis suggests that laryngeal tissue is unable to withstand forces induced by inspiratory airflow.
Anterior glottoplasty: the effect of inclusion of the vocal fold lamina propria to frequency elevation
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2022
Pengcheng Yu, Rui Fang, Chao Xue, Jack Jiang
The epiglottis, cuneiform cartilages, corniculate cartilages, and ventricular folds as well as the superior cornu were dissected away to expose the true vocal folds. A segment of trachea was preserved and sealed off by the inflated balloon of the endotracheal tube. The humidified and compressed air was provided by a ventilator (ResMed AutoSet II, Australia) and passed through an airflow adjust controller and a flowmeter (MF5706-N-10, Siargo Ltd, Shanghai, China) which was connected to the endotracheal tube. Vocal fold adduction was achieved by 5-0 polypropylene sutures placed through the vocal process and arytenoid cartilage (Figure 1(A)).