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Ameliorating Insulin Signalling Pathway by Phytotherapy
Published in Mahendra Rai, Shandesh Bhattarai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Ethnopharmacology of Wild Plants, 2021
U. dioica, often known as stinging nettle, is an herbaceous perennial plant in the family Urticaceae. The plant grows up to 1–2 m tall. The stem is erect in shape and green in colour, quadrangular with lacunar collenchyma found at each corner. The dorsal surface of the leaves are dark green but ventral side is little pale (Testai et al. 2002). Stinging trichomes cover both stems and leaves. The small dioecious flowers are either male or female in separate inflorescences, brown to greenish in colour and occur as racemes in the axils of the upper leaves (Ahmed and Parasuraman 2014). Flavonoids, tannins, volatile compounds, oxalic acid, tartaric acid, polysaccharides, isolectins, sterols, terpenes, protein, vitamins and minerals are among the main chemical constituents. Leaves containing fluid enriched in histamine, acetylcholine and serotonin are attributed to the burning nature of U. dioica (Joshi et al. 2014). Figure 15.27 shows few chemical compounds incorporated in U. dioica.
Abies Spectabilis (D. Don) G. Don (Syn. A. Webbiana Lindl.) Family: Coniferae
Published in L.D. Kapoor, Handbook of Ayurvedic Medicinal Plants, 2017
In transverse section, root shows a prominent cortex including secondary phloem and a central woody portion. The phellogen cells, as seen in transverse section, appear rectangular and radially flattened, a bit curved toward the periphery at intervals. The phellem or cork cells outside the phellogen layer are for the most part filled with brown granular contents. Below the periderm, the secondary cortex is found to be composed of thin-walled parenchyma, mostly filled with starch grains and crystals of calcium oxalate. The cells of the cortex are of different sizes, tapering below toward the phloem. The cortex includes a number of laticiferous ducts of different dimensions containing resin. The secondary xylem consists of big vessels with simple, pitted tracheids of different dimensions. Wood fibers are simple with pointed end. Ray cells are thin walled; xylem parenchyma has pitted walls. The stem of O. turpethum shows patches of collenchyma in the cortex, lignified pericyle, intraxylary phloem, and an amphiphloic siphonostele with several radial arms of delignified parenchymatous tissue in xylem. Resin ducts are abundant in cortex.669
A review of the ethnopharmacological significance of Momordica foetida Schumach. (Cucurbitaceae: Cucurbitales)
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2023
Yusuf Ola Mukaila, Abdulwadud Abiodun Ajao, Abdulwakeel Ayokun-nun Ajao
The petiole and stem anatomical characteristics of M. foetida were studied and the following were observed. Petiole anatomy: the epidermis is single-layered and piliferous, sclerenchyma has 3–4 layers, parenchyma is elongated with 1–2 layer(s), collenchyma is absent, the vascular bundle is bi-collateral and 10 in number and pith is present. Stem anatomy: the epidermis is single-layered, collenchyma and cortical parenchyma are both 2–3 in layers while the sclerenchyma has 6–7 layers, pith is also present and the vascular bundles are bi-collateral and 12 in number [23].