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Trunk Muscles
Published in Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo, Handbook of Muscle Variations and Anomalies in Humans, 2022
Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo, Rowan Sherwood
Peikert et al. (2015) studied the relationship between bulbospongiosus and the external anal sphincter through MRI of 43 male individuals and the study of six male cadavers and classified the relationship into five variants. Variant 1 was present in 2 out of 6 cadavers (~33%) and 14 out of 43 MRI patients (32.6%) and demonstrated a bridge-like muscular connection between the two muscles with connective tissue separating the muscles cranially. Variant 2 was present in 2 out of 6 cadavers (~33%) and 6 out of 43 MRI patients (~14%) and demonstrated direct contact between the two muscles. Variant 3 was present in none of the cadavers (0%) and in 9 out of 43 MRI patients (~21%) and demonstrated ventral fibers of the external anal sphincter reaching the bulbospongiosus muscle median raphe via connective tissue without forming a muscular continuity. Variant 4 was present in 1 out of 6 cadavers (~16.7%) and 7 out of 43 MRI patients (~16.3%) and demonstrated a combination of variants 1 and 2, or 2 and 3. Variant 5 was present in 1 out of 6 cadavers (~16.7%) and 7 out of 43 MRI patients (~16.3%) and demonstrated no muscular or connective tissue connection between the bulbospongiosus and the external anal sphincter. In this last case, the origin of the bulbospongiosus muscle was in the dense connective tissue of the body of the perineum (Peikert et al. 2015).
Embryology, Anatomy, and Physiology of the Male Reproductive System
Published in Karl H. Pang, Nadir I. Osman, James W.F. Catto, Christopher R. Chapple, Basic Urological Sciences, 2021
The Bulbospongiosus muscle covers the penis bulb.The bulb continues as the corpus spongiosum.Lies ventrally between the two dorsal corpora cavernosa, forming the penile shaft.The corpus spongiosum continues distally, expands to form the glans, and covers the corporal tips.
The Conception Vessel (CV)
Published in Narda G. Robinson, Interactive Medical Acupuncture Anatomy, 2016
Bulbospongiosus muscle: Supports the perineal body. In males, it assists erection by compressing outflow veins and pushing blood into the penis. It also compresses the bulb of the penis after ejaculation to expel the final drops of urine or semen. In females, it supplies the sphincter of the vagina and assists in clitoral erection.
Comparison of self-reported ability to perform Kegel’s exercise pre- and post-coital penetration in postpartum women
Published in Libyan Journal of Medicine, 2023
Chidiebele Petronilla Ojukwu, Ginikachukwu Theresa Nsoke, Stephen Ede, Anne Uruchi Ezeigwe, Sylvester Caesar Chukwu, Emelie Morris Anekwu
Coital penetration involves physical contact and pressure within the vaginal walls and its surrounding muscles, considering that structurally and functionally, some of the pelvic muscles are closely related to the vagina and they work as a functional unit [30,31]. The bulbospongiosus muscle lies on its lateral wall while the transverse (deep and superficial) perineal muscle lies posteriorly. These muscles support the structure of the vagina and in conjunction with other pelvic floor muscles (PFM), partake in the rhythmic contractions in the perineal region during orgasm. It is possible that the thrusting movement of the penis during sexual intercourse will lead to intermittent stretching of these muscles which may affect their contractile abilities. Kelleher and Cardozo [32] posited that penetrative intercourse in humans is associated with considerable displacement of the female pelvic anatomy.
Recurrent priapism in spinal cord injury: A case report
Published in The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 2021
Engin Koyuncu, Özlem Taşoğlu, Ali Orhan, Sibel Özbudak Demir, Neşe Özgirgin
Chronic priapism represents a challenging therapeutic dilemma. Inadequate or deferred treatment can result in impaired quality of life, and permanent erectile dysfunction.8 Recurrent priapism's episodes usually start after the spinal shock is over in patients with SCI. Although the erections are self-limited, the frequency and duration usually increase in time leaving the patient in a very difficult situation.2–4 The loss of sympathetic outflow to the penile vasculature leads to increased parasympathetic effect resulting in uncontrolled arterial inflow into the penile sinusoidal spaces.3 In the literature, priapism is reported only in complete SCI and most of the patients had cervical lesions. The frequency of priapism in SCI or why priapism occurs only in some SCI patients are not known.3 There are a number of conservative agents used in the treatment of recurrent priapism. The most commonly used one in SCI is oral baclofen. Intrathecal baclofen can also be used when the oral form fails. Baclofen is a Gamma Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) agonist which can inhibit erection and ejaculation through GABA activity.1,5 It is presumed that baclofen relaxes the ischiocavernosus and bulbospongiosus muscles, which are involved in penile erection.9
Outcome of anastomotic urethroplasty in traumatic stricture (distraction defect) of posterior urethra in boys
Published in Arab Journal of Urology, 2020
Ghulam Mujtaba Zafar, Sikandar Hayat, Javeria Amin, Fawad Humayun
All boys were operated upon under general anaesthesia in standard lithotomy position with proper leg support. The procedure started with a perineal inverted ‘Y’ incision on the median raphe. The bulbar urethra was exposed by incising the bulbospongiosus muscles and dissecting proximally until the obliterated segment. The fibrous tissue (defect/stricture) was completely excised. The bulbar urethra was mobilised distally until the peno-scrotal junction to achieve adequate length. Then antegrade flexible cystourethroscopy was performed through the SPC tract until the blind distal end of the posterior urethra was identified. It was opened and spatulated at the 12 O’clock position. The gap between the proximal and distal ends of the urethra was measured using a ruler. The bulbar urethra was spatulated at the 6 O’clock position and then a mucosa-to-mucosa anastomosis was made with 6/0 or 5/0 polydioxanone (PDS) suture over a silicone Foley catheter (Figure 1).