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Low Back Pain
Published in Benjamin Apichai, Chinese Medicine for Lower Body Pain, 2021
Osteoarthritis is also known as degenerative joint disease. Spinal osteoarthritis is a degenerative change of the cartilage of the lumbar joints and discs. The intervertebral discs dehydrate, resulting in disc degeneration. Then, the degeneration leads to a narrowing between vertebrae, which causes pressure on the articular cartilage surface of the facet joint, causing bone to rub against bone. Bone spurs called osteophytes begin to form around the facet joints; the spur grows slowly over time, often without symptoms.
Osteochondroma
Published in Alisa McQueen, S. Margaret Paik, Pediatric Emergency Medicine: Illustrated Clinical Cases, 2018
An x-ray reveals a bone spur arising from the metaphysis of the femur with well-defined borders and no radiographic evidence of bone destruction or soft tissue infiltration. The appearance and location are most consistent with an osteochondroma.
Arterial disorders
Published in Professor Sir Norman Williams, Professor P. Ronan O’Connell, Professor Andrew W. McCaskie, Bailey & Love's Short Practice of Surgery, 2018
Professor Sir Norman Williams, Professor P. Ronan O’Connell, Professor Andrew W. McCaskie
Later complications include pain resulting from unresolved infection (sinus, osteitis, sequestrum), a bone spur, a scar adherent to bone and an amputation neuroma. Patients frequently remark that they can feel the amputated limb (phantom limb) and sometimes remark that it is painful (phantom pain). The surgeon’s attitude should be one of firm reassurance that this sensation will almost certainly disappear with time; amitriptyline or gabapentin may help. Other late complications include ulceration of the stump because of pressure effects of the prosthesis or increased ischaemia.
HR-pQCT in vivo imaging of periarticular bone changes in chronic inflammatory diseases: Data from acquisition to impact on treatment indications
Published in Modern Rheumatology, 2021
Camille P. Figueiredo, Mariana O. Perez, Lucas Peixoto Sales, Georg Schett, Rosa M. R. Pereira
Subsequent studies focused on differences of bone disease in various forms of arthritis such as RA and psoriatic arthritis (PsA). While, osteophytes in RA typically resemble secondary osteoarthritis, lesions in PsA typically affect entheseal insertion sites and sometimes are very extensive affecting the entire surface of bone (periostitis). Moreover, erosive lesions in RA are larger in size than those found in PsA, and RA shows U-shaped erosions, PsA typically has Ω-shaped lesions, with a narrower neck and wider base [38]. Also, with respect to erosions distribution, in RA the radial side of the MCP head is typically affected [61,62], while in PsA, involvement of phalangeal base and palmar surface is also common [38]. Concerning PsA and osteoarthritis (OA) anabolic bone changes (bone spurs), the major finding in both diseases, the literature has shown that number and size of bone spurs were comparable. However, the lesions in OA primarily emerged from the cartilage affecting palmar and dorsal sites, while in PsA they were predominantly related to entheseal sites including phalangeal bases, which are spared in OA [63].
Role of the IL-23 pathway in the pathogenesis and treatment of enthesitis in psoriatic arthritis
Published in Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 2020
Maurizio Rossini, Oscar Massimiliano Epis, Ilaria Tinazzi, Rosa Daniela Grembiale, Annamaria Iagnocco
High-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) has also been used to evaluate pathological neoformation of the bone to enthesis (enthesophytes) [38–40]. HR-pQCT identified signs of enthesophyte formation in psoriasis patients without PsA, suggesting the possibility of a common process in psoriasis and PsA [39]. The use of HR-pQCT has also shown that the anatomical sites of inflammatory bone spur formation within individual joints were found to differ between PsA and hand osteoarthritis [38]. Notably, entheseal bone spurs were rarer in hand osteoarthritis but were prominent in PsA. This study suggests the involvement of different mechanisms in the generation of these lesions and supports the concept that PsA represents an entheseal disease [38]. HR-pQCT has also shown that PsA was associated with significant bone-destructive changes. Bone erosions in patients with PsA were found to be age-dependent and increased with disease duration, whereas enthesophytes, which were associated with poorer physical function in PsA and were also increased in psoriasis, were less age-dependent and instead appeared to be strongly influenced by disease duration, highlighting the role of entheseal inflammation in PsA [40].
Brain infarction due to vertebral artery dissection caused by a bone protrusion from the condylar fossa in a juvenile case
Published in British Journal of Neurosurgery, 2020
Mutsumi Fujii, Miki Ohgushi, Takaaki Chin
Symptomatic vertebrobasilar insufficiency, occurring as a result of mechanical occlusion or stenosis of the VA during physiological head rotation, is known as RVAS or Bow Hunter’s syndrome.1 We describe a rare case of a juvenile patient, in whom a suboccipital bone spur caused VA dissection between it and the C1. The etiology of RVAS includes osteophytes (seen in most cases), fibrous bands, cervical disc herniation, C1 or C2 instability, chiropractic manipulation, surgical positioning, a multitude of physical activities, and bony prominence.1 Since the bone spur was extending from the suboccipital bone, this ossification is different from ponticulus posticus that is an abnormal small bony bridge arching backward from the superior articular process to the posterior arch of the atlas. Vascular compression in arteries distal to the C1 is a rare condition and only two cases similar to ours have been reported previously. In the case of a 16-year-old boy who experienced an onset during football practice, thrombus formation or artery-to-artery embolism may account for the occurrence of RVAS, which may be secondary to VA dissection. A bone spur arising from his occipital condyle caused a focal VA dissection.2 The other report is that a case of a 12-year-old boy, related to rotational occlusion and dissection of the VA due to a prominent suboccipital bone mass.3 Including our case, all three cases involved juvenile patients, and the cause of RVAS was a bony prominence from the suboccipital bone.