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Pathophysiology of Fluorosis and Calcium Dose Prediction for Its Reversal in Children: Mathematical Modeling, Analysis, and Simulation of Three Clinical Case Studies
Published in P. Mereena Luke, K. R. Dhanya, Didier Rouxel, Nandakumar Kalarikkal, Sabu Thomas, Advanced Studies in Experimental and Clinical Medicine, 2021
Suja George, A. B. Gupta, Mayank Mehta, Akshara Goyal
Model Eqn. (11.11) predicts the supplemental dose of calcium to be taken at different water fluoride levels. The value of Ca dose at which retention starts is not the same as the required adequate Ca dose for a human being. The dosage predicted by RRM shows the amount of calcium required for maintaining calcium homeostasis within the body without the expense of calcium being leached out from the bones. However, for regular body growth and development Ca is a basic element and should be adequate in the diet to avoid other problems.
Nutrients in Bamboo Shoots
Published in Nirmala Chongtham, Madho Singh Bisht, Bamboo Shoot, 2020
Nirmala Chongtham, Madho Singh Bisht
Minerals, the major group of micronutrients are indispensable for normal body growth and development due to their functionalities and potentials in body metabolism and homeostasis that include maintenance of hormonal and regulatory functions of our body and building of muscles and bones. One of the most important challenges for agriculture, besides enhancing food production, is to provide almost all the essential minerals and organic nutrients to humans for maintenance of health and proper organ function. Dietary minerals are of great interest to health specialists and consumers, due to the number of processes they are involved in and there is continuous research highlighting the benefits of their adequate and balanced intake. Minerals in the food are critical for metabolism and normal functioning of muscles, heart, nerves, bones, serve as cofactors and coenzymes for various enzyme systems and therefore are crucial for maintaining human health and well-being (Awuchi et al. 2020). Macro-mineral elements (potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, calcium, sodium) are required in large amount (>100 mg/day) and present in large quantities in the body, whereas micro-mineral or trace elements (Iron, zinc, copper, nickel, manganese) are required in small quantity (<100 mg/day) and also present in small amounts in tissues and body fluids. It is estimated that approximately 60% of the world’s population is iron (Fe)-deficient and approximately 30% is zinc (Zn)-deficient in addition to other essential nutrient elements including calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and copper (Cu) deficiencies.
Postnatal Sequelae of Fetal Growth Retardation
Published in Asim Kurjak, John M. Beazley, Fetal Growth Retardation: Diagnosis and Treatment, 2020
The potential for catch-up growth depends on the timing, duration, and severity of growth failure. Catch-up growth does not occur when undernutrition is induced during the brain growth spurt. If it occurs during the subsequent body growth spurt, rapid catch-up growth is possible.23 Winick24 has shown in animal studies, and in pathological studies of infants dying in the first 6 months of life, that the critical phase of brain growth takes place before birth, and that all growth involving DNA synthesis and cell division is completed within the first few months of life. He showed that interference with growth during the phase of active cell division usually resulted in permanent stunting, but that similar interference during the later phase of individual cell enlargement resulted in a reversible growth impairment.25
Association of handgrip strength with anthropometry of a Brazilian healthy adolescent sample
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2023
Marcia Ramos, Liszt Palmeira, Tainá Oliveira, Rogério Melo, Camila Lopes, Igor Carvalho, Daniel Chagas, Luiz Alberto Batista
According to Malina et al. [6], the natural improvement in the ability to produce strength through muscle action accompanies child growth and development, and evidence indicates that there is an important variability in the level of this ability in adolescents of the same age group [7]. This variability is explained by changes in the behavior of different variables, especially those related to the hormonal, neurological and muscular states of individuals [8]. It is also known that the period of childhood and adolescence is marked by accelerated body growth, with an important rate of change in body dimensions [8], an event known as growth spurt [9]. Apparently, body growth tends to directly impact the ability to generate muscle strength [8], the performance of motor tasks and, consequently, the way children and adolescents relate to the physical environment in which they live [10]. It follows from this that decisions made in the projection of goods and services for this audience should take into account pre-knowledge about the current conditions involved in the generation and application of muscle strength, so that products intended for them are suitable for the typical handling model, with ensured functionality, the preservation of users’ health [11] and the quality and competitiveness of these products in the consumer market [12]. In this study, we focus our attention on the ability to generate handgrip strength (HGS).
Effect of fasting on body composition and proteolysis gene expression in skeletal muscles and liver of BEH+/+ and BEL mice
Published in Growth Factors, 2020
Edgaras Lapinskas, Raulas Krusnauskas, Agne Cekanauskaite, Aivaras Ratkevicius
The aim of our study was to test importance of factors associated with body growth in preservation of muscle mass during fasting. There is evidence that growth hormone, the major contributor to body growth, acts on liver to increase secretion of IGF-1 which plays an important role in preservation of muscle mass under various conditions (Goldspink and Harridge 2004; Doessing and Kjaer 2005). It has been suggested that reduced IGF-1 expression in skeletal muscles contributes significantly to loss of muscle mass during caloric restriction in mice (Lu et al. 2017). Thus we expected that BEH+/+ mice would show smaller fasting-induced muscle wasting which will be associated with higher serum IGF-1 levels and reduced expression of muscle atrophy and myogenesis inhibitor genes compared to BEL mice. There is evidence that 12 days of fasting lead to positive health outcomes in humans (Schöller-Mann et al. 2020). This corresponds to 40–48 h of fasting for mice as mice have approximately six times faster metabolic rate per unit of body mass compared to humans (Ravussin et al. 1991; Kvedaras et al. 2020). We used 40-h and 48-h fasting durations for BEL and BEH+/+ mice, respectively, to achieve a similar weight loss in these two strains with significant differences in body mass.
Cost-effectiveness of using an extensively hydrolyzed casein formula supplemented with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in managing IgE-mediated cow’s milk protein allergy in the UK
Published in Current Medical Research and Opinion, 2019
The RCT12 was performed between October 2008 and December 2014. Otherwise healthy infants (n = 220; median age at recruitment of 5.0 months; 66–68% male; mean body weight 7.4–7.5 kg) were referred to a tertiary paediatric allergy centre for a diagnostic double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge (DBPCFC) for suspected CMPA. Infants with a positive result were randomized to one of the study’s formulae. During the study, patients were managed by their family practitioner and a dietitian. Additionally, they attended the tertiary paediatric allergy centre at 1, 2 and 3 years after randomization to undergo a skin prick test and a DBPCFC to assess whether they were still allergic to cow’s milk. At these visits, the children were physically examined by a paediatrician, body growth was assessed and a structured interview was undertaken to assess any health problems, including the development of any allergic manifestations.