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Other Subtypes and Variants of Vitiligo
Published in Vineet Relhan, Vijay Kumar Garg, Sneha Ghunawat, Khushbu Mahajan, Comprehensive Textbook on Vitiligo, 2020
Sam Shiyao Yang, Emily Yiping Gan
In addition, within the spectrum of phenotypes of segmental vitiligo, linear or bandlike unilateral lesions are often described. In some of these patients, the lesions have been described to roughly fit within known Blaschko lines [31]. Schallreuter et al. reported a 38-year-old woman with linear depigmented streaks and lines over the upper extremities and left leg, which followed the lines of Blaschko. She later developed depigmented macules and patches over her face and lips [32].
Benign tumors
Published in Archana Singal, Shekhar Neema, Piyush Kumar, Nail Disorders, 2019
Incontinentia pigmenti of Bloch–Sulzberger is an X-linked dominant multi-organ syndrome; it is usually lethal for male offspring. The skin lesions show three stages: the first stage is seen at birth or shortly thereafter as multilocular intraepidermal blisters with characteristic eosinophilia, the second stage is verrucous with almost identical changes as seen in young women with subungual lesions, and the third stage is characterized by linear hyperpigmentations that with time may become hypopigmented and are sometimes referred to as stage 4. Skin lesions are distributed along the Blaschko lines.43 The underlying molecular defect is a mutation of the NEMO gene required for nuclear factor κB (NFκB) activation.
Linear hyperpigmentation
Published in Dimitris Rigopoulos, Alexander C. Katoulis, Hyperpigmentation, 2017
The pathogenesis of LS remains unknown. It has been speculated that it could be due to loss of immune tolerance induced by an acquired stimulus, resulting in a cytotoxic reaction toward mutated, postzygotic skin cells distributed along Blaschko’s lines.19
Ocular adnexal phenotype and management of a patient with mosaic expression of a mutation in TWIST2
Published in Orbit, 2022
Matthew A. De Niear, James J. Law, Ty W. Abel, Louise A. Mawn
In the present case, external appearance of the eyelids showed multiple shallow colobomas of the eyelids as well as the appearance of cord-like bands of hyperpigmentation of the upper eyelids. In two prior descriptions of AMS with mosaic expression, areas of skin hyperpigmentation followed Blaschko lines.2 Histological examination of the resected eyelid tissue revealed sections of tissue demonstrating variable thinning of the subepithelial connective tissue (Figure 2). Additionally, the anterior border of the orbicularis oculi was not uniform and well demarcated as is typical of normal appearing eyelid. The combination of these structural findings is what likely account for the external appearance of wavy banding in the patient’s upper eyelids. The aberrant lashes in the pretarsal eyelid that were apparent on external examination also appear to be present in some sections demonstrating hair follicles that resemble more terminal hair follicles rather than vellus hair (Figure 2). It is possible that the disorganized appearance of the anterior lamella in this patient is the result of bands of mosaic expression of the TWIST2 mutant form leading to bands of underdevelopment or shortening of the anterior lamella in contrast to the more uniform underdevelopment and shortening of the anterior lamella in patients with typical AMS.
Successful treatment of verrucous epidermal nevus with fractional micro-plasma radio-frequency technology and photodynamic therapy
Published in Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy, 2018
Xinyao Zheng, Sijin He, Qian Li, Pingjiao Chen, Kai Han, Menglei Wang, Jia Guo, Menghua Zhu, Kang Zeng
First described by Baerensprung in 1963, verrucous epidermal nevus (VEN) is a skin disorder that commonly presents at birth (1). It is characterized by skin-colored to brown verrucous papules or papillomatous plaques, in a linear distribution following Blaschko’s lines, anywhere on the body; the papules and plaques can gradually increase in volume. It is an extremely rare and cosmetic disease, which is more common in females. Although extremely rare, VEN has been associated with malignant transformation such as basal or squamous cell carcinoma and keratoacanthoma. The “Epidermal Nevus Syndrome”, which is even more rare, is found in some individuals; it is characterized by complex developmental abnormalities of skin, eyes, nervous system, skeletal, urogenital, and cardiovascular systems. This disease leads to cosmetic problems, thereby reducing the quality of life. VEN has been treated by different treatment modalities, including topical 5-fluorouracil, topical calcineurin inhibitors, surgical excision, cryotherapy, photodynamic therapy (PDT), and laser therapy; however, its response to these treatments is varying and frustrating. Thus far, to the best of our knowledge, no reports on the use of fractional micro-plasma RF technology for the treatment of VEN has been presented. We combine the fractional micro-plasma RF technology and PDT to avoid scaring and rescurrence.
Bilateral hyperkeratosis of the nipples and areolae with linear nevus: a rare case report and review of the literature
Published in Postgraduate Medicine, 2018
Mei-fang Wang, Li Wang, Lin-feng Li
On dermatological examination, we found dark brown, flat lesions without hypertrichosis on her left forearm, measuring several centimeters in length, in a linear distribution following the pattern of Blaschko’s lines (Figure 2). The patient commented that the lesions had been asymptomatic since she was a young girl, but could not recall the exact time that they first appeared. The lesions had been progressive during her childhood, but had remained stable during the previous decade, with occasional pruritus. There were no other skin lesions such as warts, ichthyosis, or any other dermatoses. All baseline laboratory investigations were unremarkable. Histopathological examination of a biopsy from the right areola revealed hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, mild papillomatosis, and epidermal basal layer hyperpigmentation with an irregular distribution (Figure 3). Perivascular infiltration of mononuclear inflammatory cells was observed in the dermis.