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Low Back Pain
Published in Benjamin Apichai, Chinese Medicine for Lower Body Pain, 2021
Depending on the type of back pain, or if there is a reason to suspect that a specific condition is causing the back pain, Western medicine providers may or may not go through a series of tests such as X-ray, MRI, CT scans, blood tests, bone scans, and nerve studies. They may recommend medication, from over-the-counter pain relievers such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to prescribed muscle relaxants and narcotics that contain opioids, such as oxycodone or hydrocodone.54
Testicular Cancer
Published in Manit Arya, Taimur T. Shah, Jas S. Kalsi, Herman S. Fernando, Iqbal S. Shergill, Asif Muneer, Hashim U. Ahmed, MCQs for the FRCS(Urol) and Postgraduate Urology Examinations, 2020
Nkwam Nkwam, Chitranjan J. Shukla, David A. Manson-Bahr, Taimur T. Shah, Farooq Khan
Which of the following is TRUE of metastatic seminoma?A raised serum AFP is most unusual.Lung metastases frequently occur in the absence of lymph node metastases.Back pain is a common symptom.A raised serum HCG is rarely seen.There will always be a previous history of testicular tumour.
Central nervous system
Published in A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha, Clark’s Procedures in Diagnostic Imaging: A System-Based Approach, 2020
A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha
Back pain may have many causes, and may originate from muscle strain, facet joint degeneration, disc disease, spinal canal stenosis or a combination of these and other factors. Frequently people without symptoms will have an abnormality on MRI [96; 97] that is obviously not clinically relevant. Plain radiography correlates even less well with symptoms than MRI and incurs a radiation dose. Clinical history and examination are of paramount importance in diagnosis and deciding if imaging is necessary. Imaging is not normally required for uncomplicated back pain of less than 6 weeks duration, with or without sciatica, and as indicated above may be misleading. Clinically guided supportive treatment will result in improvement in most cases. Several countries have guidelines that emphasise this advice [99; 100], though patients often believe a scan will be required [101].
The effect of repeated flexion-based exercises versus extension-based exercises on the clinical outcomes of patients with lumbar disk herniation surgery: a randomized clinical trial
Published in Neurological Research, 2023
Alireza Abdi, Seyed Reza Bagheri, Zahra Shekarbeigi, Soheila Usefvand, Ehsan Alimohammadi
Postoperative rehabilitation programs such as physiotherapy, hydrotherapy, and different exercise programs could shorten the recovery period [7,8]. Indeed, postoperative rehabilitation aims to help patients regain full range of motion and strength in their spine as well as to accelerate returning to their previous lifestyle [9,10]. Exercises could help relieve back pain by widening the spinal canal area, opening the intervertebral foramen, strengthening ligamentous complexes, increasing muscle endurance, and distracting the epiphyseal joints [11,12]. Subjects with limited postoperative activities are at a higher risk of progressing pain and disabilities [1,13]. Post-discectomy exercises could improve clinical outcomes related to disability, pain, and functional recovery [7,14]. However, there is controversy about which is the most effective postoperative exercise approach [8,15].
Characteristics associated with the availability of therapeutic acupuncture in substance use disorder treatment facilities in the United States
Published in Journal of Addictive Diseases, 2023
Fares Qeadan, Erin Fanning Madden, William A. Barbeau, Philip J. Kroth, Christina A. Porucznik, Kevin English, Miriam Komaromy, Sandra H. Sulzer
Considering the role of over-prescription of opioids for pain management in fueling the opioid epidemic, research into alternative analgesics and therapeutics is now a priority for the NIH.30,31 In addition, major federal agencies, including the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), have recommended healthcare providers to research and recommend alternatives to opioids for chronic pain management, specifically endorsing chiropractic and acupuncture.32 Practice guidelines of the American College of Physicians also recommend acupuncture and other noninvasive treatments over opioids for acute and chronic low back pain.33 On the patient demand side, having arthritic or neurological conditions are predictive of receiving acupuncture treatment, possibly to seek relief from pain symptoms.34,35 Thus, there is growing recognition from researchers, providers, and patients that acupuncture can be used to treat pain.
School-based interventions to improve spinal health of children and adolescents: a systematic review
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2022
Yolandi Brink, Rentia Amelia Maart, Quinette Abigail Louw
A lack of homogeneity has been reported in definitions and the impact of spinal pain for children and adolescents (Jeffries, Milanese, and Grimmer-Somers, 2007). Furthermore, an epidemiological study by Jeffries, Milanese, and Grimmer-Somers (2007) found that spinal pain is often grouped in combinations of anatomical areas (i.e., neck, upper back, mid-back, and lower back). The National Institutes of Health defines spinal (back) pain as a symptom of a medical condition, and not a diagnosis itself. Well-being is multifaceted and reflects a state of balance which can be affected by challenges and measures the individuals’ use of resources to overcome or cope with these challenges (Dodge, Daly, Huyton, and Sanders, 2012). The World Health Organization (2006) defines well-being as pertaining to quality of life when people can fulfill their personal and social goals. In this review, spinal well-being is determined by the effect that spinal pain/discomfort has on an individual’s quality of life. Spinal health includes both spinal pain/discomfort and spinal well-being. This systematic review aimed to determine evidence of the usefulness of school-based interventions, in promoting spinal health (i.e., spinal pain and spinal well-being) in children and adolescents; and to synthesize the evidence in a user-friendly infographic. The PRISMA checklist (http://www.prisma-statement.org) guided the reporting of this review.