China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Rheumatic Disease
Published in John S. Axford, Chris A. O'Callaghan, Medicine for Finals and Beyond, 2023
Low back pain can be caused by: Any component of the thoracolumbosacral area: vertebrae, intervertebral discs, apophyseal joints, ligaments and paraspinal and abdominal musclesAssociated structures: may be retroperitoneal (kidneys, uterus and associated structures), genitourinary (bladder, prostate) or vascular (aortic aneurysm)Systemic disease: sickle cell disease, infection
Diabetic Neuropathy
Published in Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo, Complications of Diabetes Mellitus, 2022
Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo
In sciatica, pain radiates from the back down the back of the leg and numbness, tingling of the leg or foot, accompanied by weakness and muscle spasms. Cervical radiculopathy causes numbness or tingling in the hands or figures as well as muscle weakness, lack of coordination, and loss of reflexes in the arms or legs. Often, symptoms of thoracic radiculopathy follow a dermatomal distribution. There is pain and numbness that wraps around to the front of the body. The pain is often described as burning or “shooting.” There are usually no related motor deficits.
Inferior heel pain
Published in Maneesh Bhatia, Essentials of Foot and Ankle Surgery, 2021
Dishan Singh, Shelain Patel, Karan Malhotra
Patients with neuritic symptoms may have irritation of the S1 nerve root due to disc or spinal pathology. This is because the S1 dermatome includes the inferior heel. Other features suggestive of this diagnosis include back pain, previous history of disc herniation, symptoms of sciatica and associated hypoesthesia/paraesthesia in the region. Clinical signs, which may be present, include a positive sciatic stretch test, reduced ankle jerk reflex and reduced power in ankle plantarflexion. However, the gastrocnemius-soleus complex is innervated by the S1 and S2 nerve roots, so some power and/or reflex may be present. Diagnosis is confirmed by MRI of the lumbosacral spine.
The impact of functional exercise on the reversal of acromegaly induced frailty: a case report
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2022
Colleen G. Hergott, Jessica Lovins
A 73-year-old male was admitted to a skilled nursing facility after (SNF) experiencing a significant functional decline following acoronary artery bypass graft (CABG) procedure with aortic valve replacement and subsequent multiple complications. At age 40, he had previously undergone excision of a pituitary tumor following a diagnosis of acromegaly. The patient’s past medical history (PMHx) included comorbidities consistent with acromegaly such as osteoarthritis in multiple joints, peripheral muscle weakness, peripheral neuropathy, atherosclerosis, and aortic valve stenosis. PMHx also included bilateral total hip arthroplasty and he was a candidate for a total knee arthroplasty. Severe right shoulder arthritis osteoarthritis and rotator cuff tear limited right shoulder flexion to 70 degrees. The patient reported chronic low back pain and limited trunk mobility from spinal stenosis. The prior level of function (PLOF) included independent ambulation of all community distances without an assistive device.
Evaluation of a rabbit model of adjacent intervertebral disc degeneration after fixation and fusion and maintenance in an upright feeding cage
Published in Neurological Research, 2021
Long Hei, Zhaohui Ge, Wenqi Yuan, Ling Suo, Zhigang Suo, Leilei Lin, Huiqiang Ding, Yusheng Qiu
Lumbar disc herniation is a pathological process resulting from intervertebral disc degeneration, and is very common in clinical practice. The lumbar intervertebral disc protrudes posteriorly to mechanically compress the nerve root of the corresponding spinal section, inducing pain in the lower back and legs and causing other related symptoms. The gold standard of surgical treatment is to use internal fixation, decompression, and fusion to relieve the clinical symptoms [1], and attain a high fusion rate [2]. However, some studies have found that spinal fusion causes degeneration in the adjacent segments, which may induce new neurological symptoms [3]. The loss of activity during the integration phase reportedly changes the biomechanics of the adjacent segments, resulting in accelerated degeneration, which is called adjacent segment disease (ASD) [4]. ASD was first described in 1956 [5], and has an incidence of 0.0–31% [6,7]. It is reported that 20% of patients who have undergone spinal fusion undergo a second operation due to ASD [8].
When to consider “mixed pain”? The right questions can make a difference!
Published in Current Medical Research and Opinion, 2020
Rainer Freynhagen, Roberto Rey, Charles Argoff
Shooting pain that radiates like an electric shock from the lumbar spine to the buttocks and onwards to the back of the thigh and calf into the foot is the hallmark of sciatica16,17. Sciatica most commonly occurs when a herniated disc, bone spur on the spine, synovial cysts or narrowing of the spine (spinal stenosis) compresses part of a spinal nerve, leading to pain and oftentimes numbness in the affected leg. Lumbar disc herniation is one of the most common causes of neuropathic lower back pain associated with shooting leg pain. Sciatica may occur spontaneously at rest, and prolonged sitting can aggravate symptoms (riding a car, sitting at a desk). Conversely, pain may be aggravated by coughing or sneezing, or movements such as bending, lifting and twisting.