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Introduction to Oral and Craniofacial Tissue Engineering
Published in Vincenzo Guarino, Marco Antonio Alvarez-Pérez, Current Advances in Oral and Craniofacial Tissue Engineering, 2020
María Verónica Cuevas González, Eduardo Villarreal-Ramírez, Adriana Pérez-Soria, Pedro Alberto López Reynoso, Vincenzo Guarino, Marco Antonio Alvarez-Pérez
Root Cementum (RC) is a mineralized tissue that surrounds the superficial root of the tooth; their function is to support the tooth through the PDL and alveolar bone (Yamamoto et al. 2016). Alveolar Bone (AB) is another mineralized tissue and is associated with the formation of membranous bone of both mandibular and maxillary tissues during the development of the first dentition, two components form this kind of bone, the first belong to the alveolar process, which in turn is composed by the cortical and cancellous bone tissue, the last one stores Haversian systems required for maintenance and remodeling of the bone; the second component is the alveolar bone itself which corresponds to the bone portion that covers the dental surface and serves as a union site to the Sharpey fibers from PDL (Chu et al. 2014). Periodontal ligament (PDL) is formed by collagen fibers which could be classified according to their localization of the fibers onto the alveolar crest, oblique, transseptal, horizontal, inter-radicular or apical (Maheaswari et al. 2015). The union of these fibers to the soft tissue provides a natural coupling of the roots of the tooth in the alveolus: the union of the PDL to the RC or the AB facilitates the transfer of loads of the teeth towards the bone, because the bone-cement/PDL-binding sites contain areas between 10–15 μm rich in biochemical gradients, which are known as enthesis sites that facilitate cell-cell interactions and communications (Lee et al. 2015).
Experimental Stomatology
Published in Samuel Dreizen, Barnet M. Levy, Handbook of Experimental Stomatology, 2020
Samuel Dreizen, Barnet M. Levy
Both endochondral and periosteal bone formation were inhibited by the deficiency of tryptophan. The alveolar process was affected to a greater degree than the long bones. The mandibular condyle of the deficient animals was smaller in size and had arrested chondrogenesis and osteogenesis, leading to a flattening of the condylar head. Both the radicular and interseptal areas of the alveolar bone were markedly affected. The resulting osteoporosis was characterized by an almost complete disappearance of spongy bone trabeculae. There were localized areas of fragmentation and loss of periodontal attachment fibers in the interradicular bone. Inhibition and retardation of endochondral and periosteal bone formation were the direct result of reduced protein synthesis. This was evidenced by a reduction in width of the calcifying cartilage. All pathologic changes underwent reversal upon repletion with tryptophan.
Diseases of the Masticatory Complex
Published in Lars Granath, William D. McHugh, Systematized Prevention of Oral Disease: Theory and Practice, 2019
Gunnar E. Carlsson, Bengt Ingervall, George A. Zarb
Bone resorption in the edentulous alveolar process is inevitable and gradually leads to functional problems in many complete denture wearers.3 The best prevention for this situation is, of course, to avoid extraction of the last few teeth. There are a series of therapeutic alternatives, which all are better than conventional complete dentures. They vary from simple overdentures to sophisticated partial denture constructions which utilize the remaining teeth as abutments for different types of retention.55
Peri-implant bone resorption risk of anterior maxilla narrow single implants: a finite-element analysis
Published in Biomaterial Investigations in Dentistry, 2022
Ivan Onone Gialain, Leonardo Folmer Rodrigues da Silva, Marlene Kasumi Gantier Takano, Rafael Yagüe Ballester, Marina Guimarães Roscoe, Josete Barbosa Cruz Meira
The current study was designed to simulate a unique geometry of an anterior maxillary alveolar process for all implant sizes. Therefore, as the implant diameter decreased, the buccal bone thickness increased (Table 1). Except for this aspect, the computational models enabled a complete control of research variables, which is an important advantage over clinical studies since the effect of the study variable is not adulterated by the effect of uncontrolled ones. However, the observed peri-implant bone resorption risk indexes are valid for a similar clinical scenario, with a favorable anatomy condition, in which bone augmentation is not necessary. In the clinical decision-making process, the dentist needs to evaluate other variables that influence the peri-implant strain and stress, such as intensity of masticatory forces [32], occlusal pattern, presence of parafunction, implant position and inclination [33], bone quality [34], crown-to-implant ratio, the distance between the implant neck plan and the load application point, and the heterogeneity of peri-implant bone properties.
Parameter identification for the simulation of the periodontal ligament during the initial phase of orthodontic tooth movement
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2021
Albert Heinrich Kaiser, Ludger Keilig, Reinhard Klein, Christoph Bourauel
The periodontium is a compound of several tissues that support the teeth. It includes the gingiva, the cementum, the periodontal ligament and the alveolar bone proper. According to Hand and Frank (2015), ‘The periodontal ligament attaches the tooth root to alveolar bone, and it serves to absorb and resist the forces of occlusion on the tooth. It consists of collagenous fiber bundles… Interstitial areas containing loose connective tissue, blood vessels, and nerves are present between the fiber bundles in the periodontal ligament. These interstitial areas are continuous with openings through the alveolar bone (Volkmann’s canals) to the marrow spaces of the alveolar process.’
Alveolar bone remodeling after tooth extraction in irradiated mandible: An experimental study with canine model
Published in Ultrastructural Pathology, 2018
Venni Heinonen, Timo J. Ruotsalainen, Lauri Paavola, Jopi J. Mikkonen, Pekka Asikainen, Arto P. Koistinen, Arja M. Kullaa
Bone remodeling in the alveolar process is important for understanding tooth loss associated with periodontal diseases, osteonecrosis of the mandible and bone resorption after tooth extraction. Currently there are many studies focusing on the side-effects of RT and their treatment.13 Volumetric follow-up of bone fill during healing of an extraction socket has been presented in the literature, and it has been demonstrated that the bone healing after tooth extraction in irradiated head and neck cancer patients is delayed.14 However, the role of RT in bone healing after tooth extraction is not completely understood.