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Face Addiction
Published in Sandra Rasmussen, Developing Competencies for Recovery, 2023
According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.), substance-related disorders encompass ten separate classes of drugs including alcohol; caffeine; cannabis; hallucinogens; inhalants; opioids; sedatives, hypnotics, and anxiolytics; stimulants; tobacco; and other or unknown substances. The DSM-5 includes diagnostic criteria and codes for substance use, intoxication, and withdrawal for each of these classes of drugs. Note: the DSM-5-TR was published in March 2022. There are no major changes from DSM-5 in the diagnostic criteria. The DSM-5-TR uses ICD-10-CM codes, with anticipation of ICD 11. ICD-10-CM stands for the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Edition, Clinical Modification. There is more attention to culture, racism, and discrimination in the DSM-5-TR.
Developing Education and Treatment Protocols for Substance Use Disorders That Are Socially Responsible, Accountable, and Integrated
Published in Sahar Swidan, Matthew Bennett, Advanced Therapeutics in Pain Medicine, 2020
There are two groups of substance-related disorders: substance use disorders and substance-induced disorders. Substance use disorders are patterns of symptoms resulting from the use of a substance that you continue to take, despite experiencing problems as a result.Substance-induced disorders, including intoxication, withdrawal, and other substance/medication-induced mental disorders, are detailed alongside substance use disorders.
Post-traumatic stress disorder
Published in Laeth Sari Nasir, Arwa K Abdul-Haq, Caring for Arab Patients, 2018
Eyad El-Sarraj, Taysir Diab, Abdel Aziz Thabet
The principal clinical features of PTSD are a painful re-experiencing of the event, a pattern of avoidance and emotional numbing, and fairly constant hyper-arousal. The disorder may not develop until months or even years after the event. The mental status examination often reveals feelings of guilt, rejection and humiliation. Patients may also describe dissociative states and panic attacks. Illusions and hallucinations may be present. Associated symptoms can include aggression, violence, poor impulse control, depression and substance-related disorders. Cognitive testing may reveal that patients have impaired memory and attention.
Validity of the self-rated 36-item World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS) 2.0 as a measure of functioning in Swedish psychiatric outpatients
Published in Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 2023
Mia Ramklint, Per Söderberg, Stefan Tungström, Axel Nordenskjöld, Liselotte Hermansson
In the majority of the diagnostic groups, clinicians’ and patients’ ratings correlated significantly, although not in psychotic disorders, substance-related disorders, and eating disorders. A high level of correlation between clinicians’ and patients ratings’ of functional impairment on the GAF has previously been shown in patients with predominately mood and anxiety disorders [12]. The weak correlation in patients with psychotic disorders was in agreement with previous findings [13,14]. This can probably be interpreted as a result of differing perspectives producing differing ratings. The perspective is influenced by, for example, age, sex, level and type of symptoms, and cultural background. We have not found any studies exploring agreement between patients’ and clinicians’ ratings of functional impairment in patients with substance-related disorders or eating disorders. This lack of consistency has to be considered when using the self-rated WHODAS 2.0 in patients with psychotic, substance-related, and eating disorders. This is also an area suggested for future research.
Does self-concealment and self-compassion differentially influence substance use for male versus female adolescents?
Published in Journal of Substance Use, 2023
Doris Chinelo Chinweuba, Chuka Mike Ifeagwazi, Anthonia Ukamaka Chinweuba, JohnBosco Chika Chukwuorji
Initiation of substance use often starts within the adolescence stage due to the storm and stress of the transitional stage (Burger et al., 2000; Pretorius, 1998); hence, adolescents are considered an important target group for interventions. Identifying the predictors of substance use will facilitate the much-needed interventions to curtail the problem and reduce the risk of developing substance-related disorders in the Niger Delta. However, little research exists on personal factors within the “self” domain that may influence the use of psychoactive drugs among youths in sub-Saharan Africa. The present study examined whether self-concealment and self-compassion will predict the use of psychoactive substances; and whether the predictive strengths of these variables differ for male and female adolescents in the Niger Delta region.
Did the pattern of use of zolpidem change since the enforcement of a new prescription rule? A latent class analysis using the French health insurance database
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Safety, 2022
Marion Istvan, Morgane Rousselet, Edouard-Jules Laforgue, Marylène Guerlais, Marie Gérardin, Pascale Jolliet, Fanny Feuillet, Caroline Victorri-Vigneau
The assessment of patterns of use of psychotropic medications is essential to detecting substance-related disorders. Substance-related disorders correspond to a loss of control of the use of a psychoactive substance and can be defined according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders – 5 (DSM-5) on the basis of some criteria, including tolerance, withdrawal, use of the substance often in larger amounts or over a longer period than intended, the persistent desire or repeated attempts to reduce or control the use of the medication, spending excessive amounts of time obtaining or using the substance, giving up activities because of the use of the substance, and persistence of the use of the medicine despite physical or psychological problems because of that use [19]. In addition to the variety of possible substance-related disorder profiles, a common feature is the need for a high volume and/or increasing dose of medication, which can lead to drug-seeking behaviors such as doctor or pharmacy shopping.