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Obsessive compulsive disorder
Published in MS Thambirajah, Case Studies in Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 2018
Autistic spectrum disorders: Many children and young people with autistic spectrum disorder show preoccupations and stereotyped behaviours. Though most textbooks refer to such behaviours as obsessions these are qualitatively different from obsessions but may be confused with OCD. There were no developmental delays or features of autism in Matthew’s case.
Questions and Answers
Published in David Browne, Brenda Wright, Guy Molyneux, Mohamed Ahmed, Ijaz Hussain, Bangaru Raju, Michael Reilly, MRCPsych Paper I One-Best-Item MCQs, 2017
David Browne, Brenda Wright, Guy Molyneux, Mohamed Ahmed, Ijaz Hussain, Bangaru Raju, Michael Reilly
Answer: E. Tardive dyskinesia is a syndrome of involuntary movements developing in the course of long-term exposure to antipsychotics. Akathisia is a subjective restlessness, associated with an urge to move a part or all of the body. Torticollis is characterised by involuntary tonic contractions or intermittent spasms of neck muscles and can occur in tardive dyskinesia. A stereotypy is a spontaneous repetitive movement that is not goal directed. [A. pp. 93–5, F. p. 89]
100 MCQs from Dr. Brenda Wright and Colleagues
Published in David Browne, Selena Morgan Pillay, Guy Molyneaux, Brenda Wright, Bangaru Raju, Ijaz Hussein, Mohamed Ali Ahmed, Michael Reilly, MCQs for the New MRCPsych Paper A, 2017
Dr Olivia Gibbons, Dr Marie Naughton, Dr Selena Morgan Pillay
Ambitendence occurs when the patient begins to make a movement but, before completing it starts the opposite movement, for example bending up and down over a chair without sitting on it. A mannerism is a normal, purposeful movement that appears to have social significance but is unusual in appearance. A stereotypy is a repeated purposeless movement. Waxy flexibility occurs when the patient allows himself to be placed in an awkward posture which he then maintains without distress for much longer than most people could achieve without significant discomfort. (13, pp 249–50)
Promising results supporting the use of an inhibitory stimulus control procedure to reduce vocal stereotypy, but more data needed to establish social validity1
Published in Evidence-Based Communication Assessment and Intervention, 2019
Camille Labrèche, Marc J. Lanovaz
On the other hand, one issue that prevents us from unhinderedly recommending the intervention procedure proposed the authors is the lack of collateral measures. Studies have repeatedly shown that reducing one form of stereotypy may lead to increases in other forms of stereotypy (Rapp et al., 2013; Rapp, Vollmer, St Peter, Dozier, & Cotnoir, 2004). Furthermore, the implementation of the intervention may not necessarily translate to increases in on-task behavior (Lanovaz et al., 2014). The authors rely on anecdotal evidence to address the previous issues. In his seminal paper on social validity, Wolf (1978) indicates that social significance is about whether the treatment goals represent what society wants. For vocal stereotypy, we would argue that the goal is not as much to reduce the behavior than it is to improve learning, social integration, health, or daily functioning. Therefore, future research on the topic should carefully measure some of these collateral effects.
The Use of Differential Reinforcement of Other Behaviours to Establish Inhibitory Stimulus Control for the Management of Vocal Stereotypy in Children with Autism
Published in Developmental Neurorehabilitation, 2019
Olive Healy, Sinéad Lydon, Thérèse Brady, Mandy Rispoli, Jennifer Holloway, Leslie Neely, Ian Grey
Participant 1 was an 8-year-old boy diagnosed with autism at the age of 2 years and 5 months. He had been in receipt of 20–25 h of intervention based on the principles of ABA weekly from the age of 3 years. He also attended an inclusive setting for 2 h each week. Extant school records indicated that he presented with a full scale Intelligence Quotient (IQ) of 67 and an adaptive composite score of 61 according to the Leiter-R28 and the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales,29 respectively. Participant 1 communicated primarily using three to four word sentences and was able to follow three step directions. He engaged in challenging behaviour in the form of elopement and a number of topographies of stereotyped behaviour including facial grimacing, playing with his own saliva, repetitive hand and body movements, and a high frequency of vocal stereotypy. Vocal stereotypy was primarily comprised of repetitive multiple syllable sounds as well as repetition of phrases from adult conversations, songs, books and television material. Repetition of phrases was considered a form of delayed echolalia when they did not correspond to activities or events within the immediate environment.
Advancements in the treatment of multiply maintained behavior: The benefits of using combined function-based treatments, compared to isolated function-based treatments, appear promising1
Published in Evidence-Based Communication Assessment and Intervention, 2018
Emily V. Gregori, Mandy Rispoli
This case study demonstrated NCR plus signaled or unsignaled FCT was associated with reductions in stereotypy and increases in requesting. Less clear results were found for item interaction and problem behavior during the treatment comparison. Though promising, caution should be used when interpreting these results. This study included a single participant and thus, replications of the effects of these interventions are needed to improve external validity. Nonetheless, this study does illustrate key practices clinicians should consider when assessing and treating stereotypy. First, clinicians should design individualized functional analysis conditions that are informed by the individual’s characteristics and environment. Second, clinicians should consider intervention components that allow for changes in multiple dependent variables including stereotypy, communication, and problem behavior.