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Weight and health
Published in Sally Robinson, Priorities for Health Promotion and Public Health, 2021
Binge eating disorder means that people are unable to prevent themselves from eating large amounts of food, often in a short time span. Eating feels out of control. Compulsive overeating is a milder form of binge eating. It could include recurrent trips to the cupboard looking for something to eat, constant nibbling or a lack of control around certain foods such as chocolate. Both include eating faster than normal, beyond feeling full; eating when not hungry; eating alone or in secret; feeling guilty or upset after eating; feeling ‘taken over’ and then trying to compensate for the overeating by dieting. Someone with these conditions is likely to be overweight.
Overeating Behavior and Cardiometabolic Health
Published in Nathalie Bergeron, Patty W. Siri-Tarino, George A. Bray, Ronald M. Krauss, Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health, 2017
Ashley E. Mason, Frederick M. Hecht, Nathalie Bergeron, Patty W. Siri-Tarino, George A. Bray, Ronald M. Krauss
Eighty-three percent of Americans report having overeaten, defined as eating more than one intends to eat at a given occasion, within the past 10 days (Wansink 2014). Overeating takes many forms; here, we outline three major types of overeating. We define mindless overeating as overeating that occurs outside of one’s awareness and without attention. We define stress-induced overeating as overeating that can occur with or without awareness in response to stress (Adam and Epel 2007; Tsenkova, Boylan, and Ryff 2013). We define compulsive overeating as eating that occurs (1) with awareness and that involves overeating of (typically) highly palatable foods for their hedonic properties, and (2) experiencing a loss of control over such eating (Davis and Carter 2009). Next, we review these three types of overeating.
Obesity and Impulsive and Compulsive Disorders
Published in Susan L. McElroy, David B. Allison, George A. Bray, Obesity and Mental Disorders, 2006
Latha V. Soorya, Bryann R. Baker, Lisa Sharma, Eric Hollander
Since a more comprehensive review of eating disorders is found in the previous chapter, this chapter focusses on the obsessive and compulsive features of eating disorders. The three major eating disorders, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and BEDs, have features consistent with the OC spectrum profile. A study by Speranza et al. (25) found current and lifetime prevalence of OCD in eating disordered individuals to be significantly higher than in the general population (15.7% and 19% vs. 0% and 1.1%, p = 0.05). Individuals with bulimia nervosa, a condition characterized by episodes of binge eating followed by recurrent inappropriate compensatory behavior in order to prevent weight gain, exhibit obsessive–compulsive symptoms insofar as their inability to control their compulsive overeating, compensatory behavior, and the repetitiveness of their eating behavior. Anorexia nervosa is defined as a refusal to maintain body weight at or above a minimally normal weight for age and height coupled with intense fear of getting fat or gaining weight. Individuals with anorexia often exhibit OC spectrum symptoms including obsessions and rituals with food, meticulous detail of caloric intake, and extreme concern with body shape, size, and weight.
Revisiting the Role of Impulsivity and Compulsivity in Problematic Sexual Behaviors
Published in The Journal of Sex Research, 2019
Beáta Bőthe, István Tóth-Király, Marc N. Potenza, Mark D. Griffiths, Gábor Orosz, Zsolt Demetrovics
Compulsivity is another personality-related characteristic that has been associated with psychiatric disorders and behaviors (e.g., substance use and gambling disorders, Leeman & Potenza, 2012; compulsive overeating, Davis & Carter, 2009; alcohol abuse and dependence, Modell, Glaser, Mountz, Schmaltz, & Cyr, 1992; bulimia nervosa, Engel et al., 2005). Compulsivity is characterized by the “performance of repetitive and functionally impairing overt or covert behavior without adaptive function, performed in a habitual or stereotyped fashion, either according to rigid rules or as a means of avoiding perceived negative consequences” (Fineberg et al., 2014, p. 70). Therefore, compulsivity may refer to the engagement in ritualistic, repetitive behaviors and actions to prevent or reduce distress or eliminate feared consequences of an individual’s behaviors. However, this feeling of alleviation may be temporary, leading to a vicious cycle where the individual regularly engages in ritualistic actions (Deacon & Abramowitz, 2005).
Applying the developmental model of use disorders to hedonic hunger: a narrative review
Published in Journal of Addictive Diseases, 2022
Mary Takgbajouah, Joanna Buscemi
Previous research has described many similarities between BED, HH, compulsive overeating, and substance use. However, no previous reviews have focused on shared developmental risk factors that are potentially modifiable. Thus, the purpose of the current paper is to review the literature on 1) the brain disease model versus a developmental model of use disorders; and 2) the developmental parallels between substance use, HH, binge eating behavior, and other use disorders to make a case for the shared developmental etiology of use disorders.
Dopaminergic and other genes related to reward induced overeating, Bulimia, Anorexia Nervosa, and Binge eating
Published in Expert Review of Precision Medicine and Drug Development, 2022
Kenneth Blum, Panayotis K. Thanos, Gene -Jack Wang, Abdalla Bowirrat, Luis Llanos Gomez, David Baron, Rehan Jalali, Marjorie C Gondré-Lewis, Mark S Gold
Volkow et al. point out that motivational drive is highly dependent on the amount of extracellular striatal dopamine at the molecular, cellular level, and brain circuitry. They also suggested that drugs or energy-rich foods commonly downregulate dopamine, leading to compulsive overeating or drug-seeking. Further, they concluded that ‘interventions to rebalance the motivational dopamine system might have therapeutic potential for obesity and addiction’ [48].