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Preprocessing of Signals
Published in Nihal Kularatna, Electronic Circuit Design, 2017
The multiple feedback design is more sensitive to op amp specifications but less sensitive to passive component values with the difficulty of obtaining a high Q performance. The state variable filter provides independent control over gain, cutoff frequency, Q, and other parameters at the cost of more passive parts. As another advantage, the topology yields low-pass, high-pass, or band-pass response. Another useful topology is the frequency-dependent negative resistance, or impedance converter, which removes the op amps from the signal path. Although it requires more parts, it is relatively insensitive to variations in their values [17]. Table 4.8 provides a summary of op amp parameter sensitivities for the above filter topologies.
Filters with Three Op-Amps
Published in S. A. Pactitis, Active Filters, 2018
Figure 4.1 shows that the state-variable filter, sometimes called a universal filter, is basically made up from a summing amplifier, two identical integrators, and a damping network. Because of the manner in which these functions are interconnected, we are able to simultaneously have the following filter responses: A second-order low-pass filterA second-order high-pass filterA 1-pole band-pass filter
Power-Aware Testing for Maximum Fault Coverage in Analog and Digital Circuits Simultaneously
Published in IETE Technical Review, 2022
Vivek Kumar Singh, Trupa Sarkar, Sambhu Nath Pradhan
To check the robustness of the proposed method, five analog circuits have been chosen as CUT in the analog portion. These are ITC’97 benchmark circuits [16]. These five CUTs are Operational amplifierLow-pass filterInverting amplifierComparatorState variable filter