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Combinational Circuits
Published in Sajjan G. Shiva, Introduction to Logic Design, 2018
In diagrams (b) and (c), the transition of a signal from 1 to 0 or 0 to 1 is shown to be instantaneous. In an actual circuit, this is not the case. It takes a finite amount of time for a signal to attain the new value when a transition occurs. The time needed to attain the high value from a lower value is the rise time; the time required to attain the low value from a higher value is the fall time. The rise and fall timing characteristics of the NOT gate are shown in (d). Rise time is defined as the time required to attain the 90% of the final value from 10%. Similarly, the fall time is defined as the time required to attain the 10% of the high value from the 90%, as shown in (d). For our purposes here, we will adopt the timing characteristics of the type shown in (b) and (c) and will not be concerned with the detailed timing diagrams of the type shown in (d).
Laplace transform
Published in Alexander D. Poularikas, ®, 2018
The second factor of the above equation is produced by the feedback system shown in Figure 8.8.5a. The voltage responses for K = 5, 15, and 60 are shown in Figure 8.8.5b. We observe that we can shorten the rise time with the drawback in creating overshoots. In this case, the percent overshoot is about 25%. The rise time is defined as the time required for the response to rise from 10 to 90% of the steady-state value. From Figure 8.8.5b we can categorize the step responses in three main categories. For this case, we have (a) K < 5 is said to be an overdamped case, (b) K = 15 is said to be critically damped, and c) K > 15 is said to be underdamped.
Performance Evaluation of Raman Amplifier-Embedded Optical Fibre Communication System at Both Minimum Dispersion and Minimum Attenuation Windows
Published in Arpan Deyasi, Pampa Debnath, Asit K. Datta, Siddhartha Bhattacharyya, Photonics, Plasmonics and Information Optics, 2021
There is another aspect that determines the link of the optical fibre and that is the rise time estimated calculations. The rise time of an optical system, like any real system, is a non-zero value, be it as small as possible. The rise time is the time which is required by the system to reach a steady state so that any variations in the input signal don’t affect the system parameters. The rise time of the system gives rise to another expression for the determination of the length of the optical link.
A new optimisation method of PIDC controller under constraints on robustness and sensitivity to measurement noise using amplitude optimum principle
Published in International Journal of Control, 2021
Petar D. Mandić, Marko Č. Bošković, Tomislav B. Šekara, Mihailo P. Lazarević
Additional performance indices computed to evaluate the quality of control system are set-point response characteristics: overshoot, settling time and rise time. Percentage overshoot is defined as where is the maximum (peak) value, while is the steady state value of step response. The settling time is the time for which the step response reaches and stays within of . is used in this paper. Rise time denoted with is defined as the time required for the response to rise from 10% to 90% of .
Development of 3-DOF wrist mechanism for electro-hydrostatically driven robot arm
Published in Advanced Robotics, 2020
Ryoya Suzuki, Mitsuo Komagata, Tianyi Ko, Kazuya Murotani, Hiroshi Kaminaga, Mamoru Tatano, Ko Yamamoto, Yoshihiko Nakamura
The time variation of each joint angle in this experiment is shown in Figure 23, and the results of the response are summarized in Table 8. The dead time is the time when the output value starts to respond to the change in the input. The delay time is the time taken for the step response to reach the target value of . The rise time is the time it takes for the step response to reach from to of the steady-state value. Since we choose an experiment not of step response, but of ramp response for safety reasons, the definition of delay time is modified as that of the step response minus the time for the reference input to reach 50% of the target value. Similarly, the definition of rise time is modified as that of step response minus the time for the reference input to go from 10% to 90% of the target value.
Real-Time Performance Analysis of FOI-PD Controller for Twin Rotor MIMO System
Published in IETE Technical Review, 2019
Debdoot Sain, Subrat Kumar Swain, Ayan Saha, Sudhansu Kumar Mishra, Sarbani Chakraborty
A proportional controller has the capability of reducing the rise time. But in most of the cases the steady-state error elimination is not possible just by using the proportional controller (exception includes integral type control system). Moreover, the system may become unstable with a high proportional gain value. Whereas, a small gain produces small output response to a large input error, and results in a less responsive or less sensitive controller. The steady-state error elimination can be achieved by an integral controller, but the transient response of the system may become worse. High integral gain can cause large overshoot and the system response becomes sluggish with low gain value. A derivative controller has the capability of increasing the system stability, reducing overshoot and improving the transient response [26,27]. But a process may become unstable with large derivative gain. The sole objective is to obtain the optimum value of these three parameters, so that a satisfactory response can be achieved. Because of the complicated dynamics of TRMS, it is a very tedious task to achieve the desirable performance by applying the PID Controller. The evolutionary and swarm intelligence based methodology to update the parameters of the PID Controller for the MIMO system is addressed in [14].