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Transverse Vibration of Rotor Systems Integrated with Active Magnetic Bearings
Published in Rajiv Tiwari, Rotor Systems: Analysis and Identification, 2017
For linear control systems, the characterization of the transient response is often done by the use of the step function as an input. The response of a control system when the input is a step function is called the step response. The commonly used definitions in the step response are the settling time and the rise time. The settling time is the time needed for the system output to reach and stay within the steady-state value (which is ideally equal to the reference input). The steady-state value for a step input is shown in Figure 18.15. The absolute allowable difference between y(t) and ysteady state is used to find the settling time, and usually this difference is specified to be 5%. That is, the settling time is the minimum time after which the system response remains within ±5% of the steady-state value ysteady state due to a step input. The rise time is the time needed for the system output y(t) to increase from 10% to 90% of the steady-state value ysteady state.
Types of Measuring System
Published in Anton F. P. van Putten, Electronic Measurement Systems, 2019
Analogue outputs provide stimuli for the DAQ system. In this case settling time, slew rate and resolution are important specifications. Settling time is the time needed for the output to settle to a specified accuracy, usually specified for a full-scale change in voltage. Slew rate is the maximum rate of change that the DAQ can produce on the output signal. It is often expressed in volts per unit of time, e.g. 10 V µs−1. (See also chapter 4.) For the DAQ to generate high-frequency signals a high slew rate and a short settling time are required. The output resolution is defined in a similar way as the input resolution. Hence high-resolution voltage outputs can be obtained.
Power Electronics Application in Renewable Energy (Wind and PV) System Integration
Published in Vinod Kumar, Ranjan Kumar Behera, Dheeraj Joshi, Ramesh Bansal, Power Electronics, Drives, and Advanced Applications, 2020
Vinod Kumar, Ranjan Kumar Behera, Dheeraj Joshi, Ramesh Bansal
The settling time is measured as the start time to the time in which the system stays within 1% of the steady-state response of a particular second-order system when subjected to the step input signal. () ts=4.6τ () τ=1ζωn
Implementation of a Novel TABGD-BBCO Controlling Mechanism Used in EV Systems
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2023
Rajesh Kannan, Venkatesan Sundharajan
Figure 15 and Table 6 compare the existing [45] and proposed controller techniques for the measures of rising time (s), settling time (s), peak time (s) and overshoot. The rise time is defined as the amount of time required for the plant output to rise for the desired level at the first time. Similarly, the settling time is defined as the extent that takes for the system to converge to its steady state. The overshoot measure is defined as how much the peak level is controlled in contrast to the steady-state and greater than the steady-state. From the results, it is evident that the proposed TABGD-BBCO technique provides reduced rise time, peak time, overshoot, and settling time values for varying speed 1 and speed 2 controlling.
A Novel Modified Robust Load Frequency Control for Mass-Less Inertia Photovoltaics Penetrations via Hybrid PSO-WOA Approach
Published in Electric Power Components and Systems, 2019
Farag K. Abo-Elyousr, Almoataz Y. Abdelaziz
A 0.01pu step load demand was applied at the area with virtual mass-less inertia PV resource. Besides, the virtual mass-less inertia PV energy production is 0.01pu. Some of the system responses are given in Figures 8 and 9, respectively. In Figure 9, even the developed PSO-WOA gave slightly higher overshoot, however, it recorded the shortest settling time as in Table 2. It gave around 10.47 s compared to 19.29 s and 26.95 s for WOA and PSO, respectively. The settling time is defined as the time required for a signal to launch and remain within 2% of the final value. It is clear the developed PSO-WOA gives satisfactory results compared to the WOA and the conventional PSO. It has high capability to damp out oscillations with satisfactory overshoot performance.
A modified camel travelling behaviour algorithm for engineering applications
Published in Australian Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, 2019
Ramzy S. Ali, Falih M. Alnahwi, Abdulkareem S. Abdullah
Rise Time (): time required for the response to rise from 10% to 90% of its steady state value. Settling Time (): time required for the response to reach a fluctuation equal 2% of its steady state value. Maximum Overshoot (): the percentage of the maximum value to the steady state value of the response. Steady State Error (): represents the Laplace transform of the error signal at the steady state, and it is given by (Kluever 2015)