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Investigation of Humanoid Movement Using a Classical Approach
Published in C. S. P. Rao, G. Amba Prasad Rao, N. Selvaraj, P. S. C. Bose, V. P. Chandramohan, Mechanical Engineering for Sustainable Development, 2019
Priyadarshi Biplab Kumar, Animesh Chhotray, Krishna Kant Pandey, Dayal R. Parhi
NAO is a medium-sized, programmable, and integrated humanoid robot designed and developed by Aldebaran Robotics. The used NAO in the current work is of version V3.3. It is of 58 cm height, 5 kg weight equipped with x86 AMD Geode processor working at 500 MHz. NAO has 256 MB synchronous dynamic (SD)RAM and a 2 GB flash memory. It gets its power from a 6-cell lithium ion battery.21 NAO is capable of almost 30 min of uninterrupted operation using its battery power. A total of 21 degrees of freedom (DOF) are present in the NAO. Head possess 2, each arm carries 4, each leg has 5 and pelvis has 1 DOF. Different types of sensors are associated with NAO. Two cameras are set on the head which work on alternate basis. These two cameras enable near and distant view respectively. Two receiving and two emitting sonars are present on the chest that can sense the obstacles present within a certain range. One 3-axis accelerometer and one 2-axis gyroscope are equipped within the NAO that can provide information about instantaneous movements. Force sensitive resistors are also associated with the foot of the NAO that can give the amount of forces that are applied on the ground by the foot at any time. Encoders present provide the value of each joint at any time of operation.
Social Assistive Robots for Children with Complex Disabilities
Published in Pedro Encarnação, Albert M. Cook, Robotic Assistive Technologies, 2017
Cathy Bodine, Levin Sliker, Michael Marquez, Cecilia Clark, Brian Burne, Jim Sandstrum
The authors also reported that, when it came to SARs, the NAO robot was the most widely used to date. NAO is classified as a humanoid robot able to move around, dance, talk, and engage interactively with humans. Based on the overarching conclusions drawn by Pennisi et al. (2016), the NAO also embodies those characteristics described by the authors as generalizable. Over 7,000 units have been sold worldwide since it became available (Tomizawa 2016).
Rehabilitation robotics
Published in Alex Mihailidis, Roger Smith, Rehabilitation Engineering, 2023
Michelle J. Johnson, Rochelle Mendonca
To provide therapeutic exercise, the Nao (Softbank), a 58 cm tall humanoid robot, has been used to demonstrate exercise activities and invite older adults to follow along (Gouaillier et al. 2009) (Figure 16.9b). The Nao is a fully responsive humanoid robot that can walk, talk, grasp objects, be taught to mimic movements, and so on. Once programmed, it can be made to execute a variety of tasks autonomously (Miskam et al. 2013). The Nao robot functions as both an assistive robot and a therapy robot. Another example is Bandit, which can guide elderly patients and brain-injured patients in enjoyable therapeutic exercise in nursing homes and hospitals (Fasola and Mataric 2012; Matarić et al. 2007). Bandit, a non-contact social and therapy agent provided not only active guidance, feedback, and task monitoring, but also instructed and steered the task, hence it was instrumental in achieving physical exercise for older adults. Bandit provided elders with personalized praise and empathized with failed attempts and it was effective in increasing motivation to exercise even in the absence of a therapist. Another example is the Baxter, a commercial humanoid robot with two arms, which has been used in physical-social interactive tasks such as hand clapping and other novel interactive games (Fitter et al. 2018). In contrast to the therapy robots described previously, these assistive robots for therapy (also known as socially assistive robots or SAR) can deliver therapy with or without physical contact with the patient. The robot acts as a social agent and invites patients to engage in therapeutic exercise; they guide the exercise activity with behaviors designed to make exercise more enjoyable (speech, facial expressions, gestures, or movements of the robot arms) and monitor the patient's resulting movements for accuracy. Assistive robots monitor upper or lower limb activities with a variety of methods such as accelerometers, body sensors, and visual 3D motion tracking with Kinect or stereo cameras and provide encouragement (praise and empathetic noises), reminders, and guidance when needed.
Effects of Human and Robot Feedback on Shaping Human Movement Behaviors during Reaching Tasks
Published in International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 2023
Yuping Chen, Jin Xu, De’Aira Bryant, Ayanna Howard
In this study, a SAR called NAO (SoftBank Robotics) was programmed to provide feedback to the players who were randomly assigned to the robot group. NAO features a total of 25 degrees of freedom, is 58 cm in height, and 4.3 kilograms in weight. Equipped with four microphones and multiple sensors on its head and feet, NAO is capable of socially interactive behaviors such as gesturing and speaking. As a key component for comparable interaction, during the feedback condition NAO was programmed to provide different feedback content based on the participant’s performance (see Procedures for details). A full description of the robotic system (including algorithms, movement profiles, behaviors, etc.) used to enable NAO’s interaction with the participant was published elsewhere (Lee et al., 2017).
The use of a social assistive robot: NAO for post strokes rehabilitation therapy: a preliminary study
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2019
L. Sanchez, A. Courtine, G. Gerard-Flavian, A. Dauber-Natali, J. Signeux, M. Bourgain, T. Provot, C.A Cifuentes, M. Munera
The robot NAO (SoftBank Robotics, Paris) is a humanoid robot equipped with different tactile sensors on its hand, feet and head, as well as sonars and inertial units to perceive its environment and locate itself in space. The robot is also equipped with cameras, microphones and speakers to interact with humans, making it able to recognize faces, voices and objects. NAO is already used in healthcare for helping children with diabetes (Coninx et al. 2016). The robot teaches children how to manage their diabetes by helping them keeping a diary as well as asking them questions and quizzes when they visit the hospital. This preliminary study focuses on the potential role of a social assistive robot, NAO, in a contact free poststroke rehabilitation therapy. The aim of this work is to propose a physical rehabilitation exercise assisted by NAO for patient suffering from hemiparesis working on arm amplitude, precision and memory.
Otisma: an integrated application and humanoid robot as an educational tool for children with autism
Published in Journal of Medical Engineering & Technology, 2023
Rayane Bouhali, Haniah Al-Tabaa, Sarah Abdelfattah, Manar Atiyeh, Seyed Esmaeili, Hanan Al-Tabbakh
NAO is a humanoid autonomous robot. It has a small dimension, and it is programmed to execute tasks independently. Therefore, it acquires different capabilities that ease the process of reacting and communicating with ASD kids. For example, it can read the kid’s facial expression, recognising whether the autistic kid is happy or sad, and making eye contact in addition to oral communication. As a result, this has a significant impact on grabbing the ASD children attention [10]. It is fitted with 7 senses for natural interaction such as moving, feeling, hearing, and talking, etc. The robot is Wi-Fi enabled with the ability to read books as well as distinguishing images and faces.