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The distributed mode loudspeaker (DML)
Published in John Borwick, Loudspeaker and Headphone Handbook, 2012
Mechanical structures and motions have magnitudes and directions, i.e. they are vector quantities, while the electrical variables in a circuit are scalar. Therefore, to be able to model using electrical circuits, we need to restrict the analysis to motion in a single axis. The mechanical network components that are used are shown in Fig. 4.16, for a mass. The circuit implies that the mass is considered as a single lump, with all parts having the same velocity.
Enhancing pantograph-catenary dynamic performance using an inertance-integrated damping system
Published in Vehicle System Dynamics, 2021
Ming Zhu, Sara Ying Zhang, Jason Zheng Jiang, John Macdonald, Simon Neild, Pedro Antunes, Joâo Pombo, Stephen Cullingford, Matthew Askill, Stephen Fielder
In this work, the structure-based approach [44] is used to design a beneficial inertance-integrated pantograph damping system. The network layouts representing the topology of the mechanical components are firstly proposed. Then, the parameter values of each element in the mechanical network are selected using an optimisation method. The total candidate layout sets S are shown in Figure 8 where the inerter, damper and spring are labelled as b, c and k, respectively. in Figure 8 is the conventional damper in the existing design of the pantograph. Four simple candidate layouts are proposed here to assess the potential benefits of employing an inertance-integrated damping system in the pantograph. A one-element layout, , with a single inerter, two two-element layouts, and , with one inerter and one damper, in parallel and in series, respectively, and a three-element layout, , known as the TID system [55] with one inerter, one damper and one spring, are considered in this work.