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Global Energy Systems
Published in D. Yogi Goswami, Frank Kreith, Energy Conversion, 2017
In 2011, shares of biomass and hydropower in the total primary energy mix of the world were about 10% and 2.3%, respectively. All of the other renewables, including solar thermal, solar PV, wind, geothermal and ocean combined, provided only about 1% of the total primary energy. During the same year, biomass combined with hydroelectric resources provided almost 50% of all the primary energy in Africa. However, biomass is used very inefficiently for cooking in these countries. Such use has also resulted in significant health problems, especially for women. As of 2012, renewable energy contributes more than 40% of their total energy needs in 4 countries (Nigeria, Norway, Brazil, and Sweden) and more than 20% in 10 countries listed in Table 1.6 (Finland, Indonesia, India, Colombia, Chile, and Portugal). Other countries that provide significant shares of their energy from RE but <20% include, New Zealand (19.9%), Canada (18.4), Thailand (18.3%), Romania (15.2%), and Germany (14.2%).
Inclusive growth and the sophisticated influence of carbon emissions, renewable energy, and financial development: An introspective analysis of Africa
Published in Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy, 2022
Easmond Baah Nketia, Yusheng Kong, Isaac Adjei Mensah, Sabina Ampon-Wireko, Kingsley Anfom
Another scientific finding from this research is that renewable energy has a detrimental effect on Africa’s inclusive growth. The result may be attributed to Africa’s low energy consumption (which renewable energy is a portion of it), with the majority of nations struggling with the energy deficit. Renewable energy has a negative impact on inclusive growth in Africa as a whole as well as in both low-income and middle-income country groupings. The policy on renewable energy in Africa stipulates that by 2030, an additional 300 GW of renewable energy will be added to the renewable energy production in Africa, dubbed; The African Renewable Energy Initiative (Müller et al. 2020). Attaining such initiative may not be a priority for low-income countries in Africa since it has not proved to generate jobs rapidly.
Determinants of household energy choice in West Shoa Zone: in the case of Ambo Town
Published in International Journal of Green Energy, 2022
Takele Abdisa Nikus, Boharsa Garoma Wayessa
Africa is endowed with diverse nonrenewable and renewable energy resources. Despite its potential energy resource, however, in Africa, there is a lack of investment capital and efficient modern technologies, where the population consumed up to only 5.5% of the World’s energy. The majority of African countries have very low per capita choices of energy. The per capita energy choice of 0.5 is far lower than the world average of 0.2 per capita which makes the continent lag behind all of the others in energy use. Existing estimates of energy use in Africa indicate that a significant and persistent dependence on traditional energy and limited use of modern energy sources (Malla and Timilsina 2014). The average per capita final modern energy choice in Africa is less than 300 kg of petroleum equivalent, compared with 7905 kg in North America and the World average of 1434 kg (Ekouevi and Tuntivate 2012). However, the present demand for electricity in most African countries has been increasing over time because of a large number of customers, large industries, governmental offices, and so on (Rai and Henry 2016). In 2000, the continent electricity choice was only 524 kWh per capita, the lowest of all other world regions (Ekouevi and Tuntivate 2012). When we look at the monthly domestic electricity consumption of 28%, the domestic customers consume below 100 kWh per month and less than 1% of the consumer a maximum of 25 kwh, while 69% consume 500 kwh (Nader 2018). Oil remains the largest source of modern energy in Africa, with production reaching 441 in 2010, which represents 11.4% of the world total (Ekouevi and Tuntivate 2012).
Adoption of a holistic framework for innovative sustainable renewable energy development: a case study
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2021
Angeliki Kylili, Qahtan Thabit, Abdallah Nassour, Paris A. Fokaides
Although there is a common understanding among the scientific community that the exploitation of renewable energy can contribute in the region’s carbon dioxide emission reduction targets, a few studies discuss some further implications from this. For instance, in a comparative assessment for the impact of renewable and fossil-fueled energy consumption on financial growth in 30 SSA countries, employing heterogeneous panel cointegration and panel-based error correction tests, it was validated that even both types of energy have a positive impact, fossil-fueled energy causes a higher impact. In particular, for the same percentage increase (10%) in consumption, renewable energy caused a financial growth of 0.27% and nonrenewable energy 2.11% (Adams, Klobodu, and Apio 2018). Also, the analysis on the efficacy of renewable energy for Africa in the work of Wesseh Jr and Lin indicated renewable energy drives higher economic growth than nonrenewable, although a transition toward renewables is restricted due to aspects of scale, economics and sitting challenges. Within this perspective, the authors recommended that, first, African countries should try tackling energy poverty issues with the use of conventional power generation, before gradually moving toward cleaner energy generation (Wesseh and Lin 2016). With the use of a Multi-Regional Input-Output Model, it has also been shown that the total carbon dioxide-equivalent emissions of the SSA region could be reduced by 10%, given the fulfillment of a 50% renewable energy supply target by 2030. Nonetheless, African countries meeting their 2030 carbon emissions reduction targets will be very challenging, while at the same time also realizing the anticipated GDP growth and energy access goals (Hamilton and Kelly 2017).