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2 Impact
Published in Stephen A. Roosa, Arun G. Jhaveri, Carbon Reduction:, 2020
Stephen A. Roosa, Arun G. Jhaveri
In certain circumstances, DER technologies offer widespread benefits to the entire power grid. Examples of such broad benefits include: deferral of new transmission and distribution (T&D) capital investments; reduction of T&D electrical line losses; improved power quality and reliability (voltage support, source of reactive power, and power factor correction); and optimal use of the existing grid’s assets such as the potential to increase wheeling capacity. The availability of these benefits depends on the specific site and related energy needs. The particular physical, economic, and regulatory situations, in which the existing centralized electrical grid is operating, impacts the feasibility of such options. Thus, maximizing benefits and their value requires technical, marketing, and policy expertise.25
Geothermal Power Generation
Published in D. Yogi Goswami, Frank Kreith, Energy Conversion, 2017
When a transmission system is used to deliver power and the transmission lines are owned by an entity other than the ultimate purchaser of the power, the use of that transmission system incurs wheeling costs. Wheeling costs comprise a monthly reservation/use fee and a power loss that can be paid either with funds or with power delivered to the transmission entity. Typically, wheeling charges are not charged by the utility that actually is receiving the power under contract. “Pancaked charges” refers to the circumstances in which power crosses multiple transmission segments owned by different entities, incurring separate transmission charges through each segment. The losses assessed by each utility usually are not based on actual losses for the power being transmitted, but represent a system-wide average apportioned out to the users of the system on a pro-rata basis. In the United States, wheeling protocols are established by the FERC (Federal Energy Regulatory Commission).
Restructuring and the transition to more competitive power markets
Published in Fred I. Denny, David E. Dismukes, Power System Operations and Electricity Markets, 2017
Fred I. Denny, David E. Dismukes
Wheeling is a term primarily used by power-industry professionals that describes the third-party transportation of power on the behalf of another utility Because electric power systems throughout the U.S. are integrated, transporting power cannot be done without the approval of neighboring utilities. Philosophically, a wheeling transaction was not seen as a sanctioned responsibility of utilities; instead, it was something that might be accommodated as a discretionary matter. Locally franchised utilities received regulatory approval at the state and local levels to provide service within a designated territory. Providing power outside that service area represented a deviation from the status quo and was often viewed in a less than favorable light.1
Performance comparison of FACTS controllers for transmission pricing diminution
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2018
Kranthi Kiran Irinjila, Jaya Laxmi Askani
Wheeling encompasses the transmission of electricity from its seller to its buyer through the third-party owned T & D network. Wheeling seriously shakes the network losses, re-dispatch of generating units, T & D network line flow constraints and retrieval of embedded capital costs. The seller pays the wheeling cost to the wheeling company for power transfer as well as for meeting additional losses. Transmission pricing evaluation structure need to be concise, transparent and effortlessly implementable, such that it offers same opportunity and more options to all users, encourages the proficient usage of the wheeling company for additional investment, and recovers the capital investment, running cost and reinforcement cost of the wheeling company (Xu, Dong, & Wong, 2006). Transmission pricing analysis involves the determination of wheeling viability and transmission service cost. Need of widespread data and broad usage of tools in both mathematical approach and complex analytics have made the transmission cost computation and its allocation among various wheeling customers more complex (Sedaghati, 2006). Generally the wheeling company resolves the wheeling cost based on the plant capital cost, plant load factor etc.; however both market and political deliberations could also influence the transmission pricing.