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Municipal Waste for Energy Production
Published in Ram K. Gupta, Tuan Anh Nguyen, Energy from Waste, 2022
The main technologies to recover energy from MSW are thermochemical (incineration, pyrolysis, and gasification) and biochemical (biomethanation) processes. Currently, there are more than 1,700 waste-to-energy plants across the world, most of which are located in the Asia-Pacific (62%), followed by Europe (33%) and North America (4.5%) [11]. The non-recyclable MSW is also used in producing refuse-derived fuel (RDF), which is good renewable energy and an environment-friendly alternative to coal for use in boilers.
Physicochemical and biological methods for treatment of municipal solid waste incineration ash to reduce its potential adverse impacts on groundwater
Published in Manish Kumar, Sanjeeb Mohapatra, Kishor Acharya, Contaminants of Emerging Concerns and Reigning Removal Technologies, 2022
Basanta Kumar Biswal, Umesh U. Jadhav, Deeksha Patil, En-Hua Yang
Solid waste generation has significantly increased in many countries due to rapid growth of population, modernization and spread of industrialization. According to the World Bank report, in 2016, nearly 2.01 billon t (0.74 kg per person per day) of solid waste is generated from world cities, and it is expected that the generation rate will be increased by 70% (3.40 billion t) in 2050 (World Bank, 2016). Management of such a huge amount of solid wastes is a serious concern worldwide. Although disposal at engineered landfill facilities is a common practice, this option is not feasible because of excessive operation costs, reduction of land space, stricter environmental laws and strong public resistance to construct new landfills (Veli et al., 2008). Incineration (also called waste-to-energy process) has been considered as an attractive technology for waste management since it significantly reduces the volume (up to 90%) and the mass (up to 70%) of solid wastes (Lam, 2010). Combustion of solid wastes in incineration plants, however, produces two types of solid by-products termed as incineration bottom ash (IBA) and incineration fly ash (IFA). Among the two types of ashes, IBA presents the main fraction (80% by weight) and the remaining 20% is IFA (Chimenos et al., 1999).
Linking Microgrids with Renewable Generation
Published in Stephen A. Roosa, Fundamentals of Microgrids, 2020
Energy derived from wastes is considered to be a more sustainable alternative than placing it in landfills, providing the residual waste being used has the right renewable content and is matched with a process that is efficient at turning the waste into energy [22]. It also produces a lower cost, domestic source of heat which can be used to produce electricity for microgrids. For municipal mixed wastes, these partially renewable energy sources can provide heat, electricity, and transportation fuels.
Electrogenic and biomass production capabilities of a Microalgae–Microbial fuel cell (MMFC) system using tapioca wastewater and Spirulina platensis for COD reduction
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2023
H. Hadiyanto, Marcelinus Christwardana, Carlito da Costa
The need for renewable energy is increasing in Indonesia especially since the fossil oil reserves availability declines at a high rate every year. Energy diversification is one of Indonesia’s strategic plan to reduce the use of fossil energy which is considered not eco-friendly, and nonrenewable. Waste-to-energy is the concept to derive energy from waste using chemical, physical or biological conversions and most of these energies are safe, eco-friendly, easy-applied, and efficient (Kumar and Samadder 2017). There are several technologies developed to embody the Waste-to-energy concept but microbial fuel cells (MFCs) (Christwardana and Kwon 2017) have the possibility to convert organic waste to bioelectricity using the electrochemical conversion of solid waste or wastewater as medium (Frattini et al. 2017). The anode contains microbes from wastewater which catalyze the decomposition of the organic matter into electrons and protons. Through the reduction of oxygen, catalyzed by a precious metal at the cathode, electricity is produced. The use of microorganisms also in the cathode side is a recent trend to replace the precious metal due to its high investment. A mostly used microorganism is microalgae (Velasquez-Orta, Curtis, and Logan 2009).
Modeling energy content of municipal solid waste based on proximate analysis: R-k class estimator approach
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2022
Rotimi Adedayo Ibikunle, Adewale Folaranmi Lukman, Isaac Femi Titiladunayo, Abdul-Rahaman Haadi
Enormous waste is generated daily in the Ilorin metropolis. The poor management system of waste results in the environmental pollution in the Ilorin metropolis. Moreover, power supplied to the city could not meet the social and economic demand; hence, there is a need for a renewable source of energy project to complement the hydropower source. The waste-to-energy management system will serve a dual purpose of efficient waste management and sustainable and renewable source of energy. Waste generated must be characterized physically, chemically, and thermally to predict the sustainability and the waste potential power. To select the appropriate technology for waste conversion, the heating value of the waste is very pertinent. This study, therefore, has developed a proximate-based model for modeling the heating value of combustible waste fractions using regression analysis. This model can be a tool to select the technology to be adopted for a waste conversion process.
Thermogravimetric study and kinetics of banana peel pyrolysis: a comparison of ‘model-free’ methods
Published in Biofuels, 2022
S. Azariah Pravin Kumar, R. Nagarajan, K. Midhun Prasad, B. Anand, S. Murugavelh
In recent times, waste-to-energy conversion has been a growing field in the energy sector. The concept of waste-to-energy includes two benefits for society: energy generation and waste utilization. The hazardous nature of the accumulation of large quantities of waste is an environmental concern for many [10]. Consequences such as airborne diseases, environmental fouling and degradation of habitats due to growth of micro-organisms such as bacteria and fungi from waste landfills and incineration are increasing. Hence, waste-to-energy is considered an ideal solution for energy generation [11]. Recent growth in the food industry and service sector has paved the way for generation of excessive fruit and vegetable wastes. These wastes are difficult to handle and prone to polluting the environment due to microbial contamination. Fruit wastes provide a suitable source for biomass to utilize in waste-to-energy conversion [12,13].