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The Use of Stable Isotopic Analyses to Identify Pulp Mill Effluent Signatures in Riverine Food Webs
Published in Mark R. Servos, Kelly R. Munkittrick, John H. Carey, Glen J. Van Der Kraak, and PAPER MILL EFFLUENTS, 2020
Leonard I. Wassenaar, Joseph M. Culp
Stable carbon isotopic analyses of DIC from river water and sewage effluent were performed on 50 mL aliquots, injected via septum into an evacuated 500 mL flask containing 100 mL 85% H3PO4. Carbon isotope analyses of DIC could not be done on PME because of its lower viscosity. The CO2 produced from the DIC extraction was cryogenically purified for δ13C analyses. Sulfate isotopic analyses (δ34S) were conducted at the Department of Physics, University of Calgary. Water samples (2 L) for hydrogen isotopic analyses were reduced to H2 gas by reaction with zinc in 6 mm sealed Pyrex tubes at 500°C (Coleman et al. 1982). Water samples for oxygen isotope analyses were prepared using a VG Isoprepl8™ water-CO2 equilibrator. Stable isotope measurements for H, C, O and N were performed using a VG Optima™ stable isotope ratio mass spectrometer at the National Hydrology Research Institute (NHRI). All stable isotope data are reported relative to the pertinent international standard (carbon – PDB; hydrogen – SMOW; oxygen – SMOW; nitrogen – air; sulfur – CDT) in the typical delta (‰) notation (Fritz and Fontes 1980). Soluble nutrient ion (NO3, SO4) concentrations were conducted on water samples using standard liquid ion chromatography techniques at NHRI.
Variations in δ13C of water–soluble leaf and phloem organic matter of Platycladus orientalis: influences of photosynthetic and post–photosynthetic fractionation
Published in Chemistry and Ecology, 2019
Yonge Zhang, Xinxiao Yu, Lihua Chen, Guodong Jia, Ran Chen
The resulting supernatants of both leaf and phloem material (10 μL) were placed in tin capsules and oven–dried at 70°C. For δ13C determination, these dried samples were combusted in an elemental analyser (Flash EA 1112, Thermo Finnigan, Germany). The elemental analyser were coupled to a continuous–flow stable isotope ratio mass spectrometer (DELTAplusXP, Thermo Finnigan, Germany). Therefore, the δ13C in water–soluble leaf and phloem material was analysed using the mass spectrometer with a measurement precision of ±0.1‰.
Transfer of 137Cs to web-building spiders, Nephila clavata, and its pathways: a preliminary study using stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analyses
Published in Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 2021
Sota Tanaka, Hotaru Kakinuma, Tarô Adati, Mariko Atarashi-Andoh, Jun Koarashi
The δ13C and δ15N values of the spider legs were measured using an isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IsoPrime100, IsoPrime Ltd., UK) connected to an elemental analyzer (vario PYRO cube, Elementar, Germany) [37]. The stable isotope ratio values are expressed as parts per thousand (‰) according to international standards. The analytical uncertainty of the δ13C and δ15N values was <0.1‰ (1 standard deviation (SD)).