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Solar Thermal
Published in Robert Ehrlich, Harold A. Geller, John R. Cressman, Renewable Energy, 2023
Robert Ehrlich, Harold A. Geller, John R. Cressman
Alternatively, there is an even simpler way to use solar energy to disinfect small quantities of water known as the SODIS method (for solar water disinfection), which requires only a clean transparent bottle and sunshine. In this method—discovered by Aftim Acra at the American University of Beirut in the early 1980s, and recommended by the World Health Organization—a sealed bottle containing contaminated water is simply exposed to the sun for 6 h, allowing ultraviolet (UV) radiation to kill diarrhea-generating pathogens. The method does not work, however, if the water is cloudy, if the sky is overcast, or if the bottles are made of glass or plastic that block UV light. Nevertheless, the method has proven so successful at reducing water-borne disease that the Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag) coordinates SODIS projects in 33 developing countries.
Solar Thermal
Published in Robert Ehrlich, Harold A. Geller, Renewable Energy, 2017
Robert Ehrlich, Harold A. Geller
Alternatively, there is an even simpler way to use solar energy to disinfect small quantities of water known as the SODIS method (for solar water disinfection), which requires only a clean transparent bottle and sunshine. In this method—discovered by Aftim Acra at the American University of Beirut in the early 1980s, and recommended by the World Health Organization—a sealed bottle containing contaminated water is simply exposed to the sun for 6 h, allowing ultraviolet (UV) radiation to kill diarrhea-generating pathogens. The method does not work, however, if the water is cloudy, if the sky is overcast, or if the bottles are made of glass or plastic that block UV light. Nevertheless, the method has proven so successful at reducing water-borne disease that the Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag) coordinates SODIS projects in 33 developing countries.
Solar Energy for Water and Wastewater Treatment
Published in Sampa Chakrabarti, Solar Photocatalysis for Environmental Remediation, 2019
Solar water disinfection (SODIS) is a water treatment method that utilizes solar radiation (UV light and heat) to destroy pathogenic bacteria and viruses present in water. The efficiency of this method to kill protozoa depends on both the temperature reached during solar exposure and the climatic and weather conditions. Water contaminated with microbes is put into transparent containers and exposed to full sunlight for at least 6 h. Water with turbidity more than 30 NTU cannot be used for SODIS.
Enhanced solar water disinfection using ZnO supported photocatalysts
Published in Environmental Technology, 2020
Supamas Danwittayakul, Supachai Songngam, Sittha Sukkasi
Solar water disinfection (SODIS) is a point-of-use water treatment process that has been recommended by the WHO, UNICEF, and Red Cross as an appropriate method for disinfecting drinking water in developing countries, due to its simplicity, affordability, and treatment capability [4–6]. To disinfect water with SODIS, the user fills the water into a clear container and exposes it to sunlight for about 6–8 h or approximately one day on a sunny day, or 2 consecutive days if the sky is cloudy [7]. During the SODIS process, pathogens in the water are inactivated by ultraviolet (UV) radiation and heat from the sunlight, by optical and thermal inactivation mechanisms, respectively [8]. The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) inside microorganisms promoted by solar light absorption and their accumulated oxidative damages at the intracellular level are key in SODIS [9]. Many peer-reviewed papers have been published on SODIS [10].
Safety and durability of low-density polyethylene bags in solar water disinfection applications
Published in Environmental Technology, 2017
Supamas Danwittayakul, Supachai Songngam, Tipawan Fhulua, Panida Muangkasem, Sittha Sukkasi
Solar water disinfection (SODIS) is a point-of-use water treatment process that has been recommended by the WHO, UNICEF, and Red Cross as an appropriate method for disinfecting drinking water in developing areas, due to its simplicity, affordability, and treatment capability [6–8]. To disinfect water with SODIS, the user fills the water into a clear container and exposes it to sunlight for 6 h (or approximately 1 day) on a sunny day, or consecutive 2 days if the sky is cloudy [9]. During the SODIS process, pathogens in the water are inactivated by ultraviolet (UV) radiation and heat from the sunlight, by optical and thermal inactivation mechanisms, respectively [10]. Many peer-reviewed papers have been published on SODIS [11].
Water disinfection by solar energy
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2021
Ahmad Aboushi, Mohammad Hamdan, Eman Abdelhafez, Esra’a Turk, Jwan Ibbini, Nabeel Abu Shaban
Solar water disinfection (SODIS) is an easy, simple, low cost, and environmentally sustainable solution for water purification at household level. SODIS uses solar radiation to destroy pathogenic micro-organisms that cause water-borne infections and improve the quality of water (Burhan 2015).