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Designing procedure of LED-halogen hybrid solar simulator for small size solar cell testing
Published in Mohamad Al Ali, Peter Platko, Advances and Trends in Engineering Sciences and Technologies III, 2019
D. Koós, P. Iski, Á. Skribaekn, I. Bodnár
Based on the results we can say that the developed solar simulator meets the requirements of the standard C-class in terms of light intensity homogeneity and light spectrum structure. Good agreement between the validation results and the designing results prove the correctness of the designing method. The cost of the solar simulator is around 350 EUR which is significantly lower than the similar, commercially available devices. As a conclusion we can say that the project is successful, the solar simulator for standard laboratory testing of solar cells is properly designed and constructed.
International Test Procedures for Photovoltaic Modules
Published in France Lasnier, Tony Gan Ang, Photovoltaic Engineering Handbook, 2017
The calibration of primary reference cells is the key to good performance measurement. The IEC is currently considering five methods, three outdoor and two indoor. They are as follows. Direct sunlight method, using filters: the calibration value (ratio of short-circuit current at 25 °C to incident irradiance, with the reference spectral distribution) is computed from the following. The ratio of the short-circuit current of the reference cell to the incident irradiance, when the cell is exposed to direct sunlight passing in turn through a set of four bandpass filters covering the cell response range.The irradiance of the reference spectrum in each of the four wavebands.A factor to correct for the imperfections of the filters.Global sunlight method: the calibration value is computed from the following. The relative spectral response of the reference cell.Its short-circuit current in global sunlight (on a horizontal plane) of measured irradiance and relative spectral irradiance distribution.The reference spectrum.Total sunlight method: the calibration value is calculated from the short-circuit current of the reference cell in total sunlight of measured irradiance (with the direct beam at or near normal incidence) under specified atmospheric conditions.Solar simulator method: the calibration value is computed from the same parameters as in the global sunlight method, except that a class A simulator is used instead of global sunlight.Differential spectral response method: the calibration value is computed directly from the measured absolute spectral response of the reference cell and the reference spectrum.
Simultaneous harvesting of radiative cooling and solar heating for transverse thermoelectric generation
Published in Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, 2021
Satoshi Ishii, Asuka Miura, Tadaaki Nagao, Ken-ichi Uchida
To imitate outdoor radiative cooling, a Peltier module (LVPU-40, VICS Co. Ltd., Japan) was placed above the sample facing downward. A 100 × 100 mm2 aluminium plate was coated by the BB paint and attached to the cooling surface of the Peltier module to ensure high emissivity. The distance between the sample and the Peltier module was ~25 mm. The sizes of the device and aluminium plates, in addition to the distance separating them were carefully considered to ensure that the view factor of radiative heat transfer was near unity. During the measurements which involved radiative cooling, the aluminium plate was cooled down to 0°C. A solar simulator (PEC-L01, Peccell Technologies, Inc., Japan) was used as artificial sunlight to irradiate the sample at the incident angle of ~45°. Normal irradiance was not possible because the Peltier module blocked the normal direction. The irradiance at the sample surface was 50 mW/cm2. The measurements were performed at room temperature (25°C).
Performance analysis of dye-sensitized solar cells with various MgO-ZnO mixed photoanodes prepared by wet powder mixing and grinding
Published in Journal of Modern Optics, 2021
Huai-Yi Chen, Horng-Show Koo, Yung-Lin Hsu, Chun-Hung Lu
The surface microstructure or morphology of the hybrid MgO/ZnO photoanode was observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) (JSM-6500F, JEOL) operating at an acceleration voltage of 15 kV. The elemental composition analysis of the MgO/ZnO photoanode is determined by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) attached to the SEM. The crystal structure and phase composition of the raw material are characterized and studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) using a powder diffractometer (D2 phaser, Bruker) with CuKα (λ = 0.15406 nm) radiation source within the 2θ range of 30°–80° at room temperature. The ultraviolet–visible (UV-Vis) transmittance spectrum of the hybrid photoanode of MgO/ZnO was obtained by using a spectrophotometer (V-550, JASCO). A solar simulator (Sun 2000 solar simulator, ABET Technologies, USA) equipped with an AM 1.5G filter was used to generate simulated sunlight with a light intensity of 100 mW/cm2. The photocurrent density–voltage (J-V) characteristics of the DSSC was measured using a Keithley 2400 source metre, by which an auto-calculation software is used to extract parameters related to the operational performance of a cell device, such as open-circuit voltage (Voc), short circuit current density (Jsc), fill factor (FF), photovoltaic conversion efficiency (η), series resistance (Rs), and shunt resistance (Rsh).
Development of a truncated ellipsoidal reflector-based metal halide lamp solar simulator for characterization of photovoltaic cells
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2021
Muhammad Abdullah Haroon Shah, Hamza Butt, Muaaz Farooq, Muhammad Nouman Ihsan, Muhammad Sajid, Emad Uddin
Experimental validation is done to test the suitability of a solar simulator for testing of PV cells. Accordingly, the PV cells selected for the study are silicone (mono-crystalline and poly-crystalline) and thin-film cells having a maximum square area of 4 cm2.In this regard, Table 3 shows the specification of cells used for the study. The performance of the simulator is evaluated in terms of the spectrum match of simulator output with sunlight, irradiance distribution at a second focal plane and power output curves of PV cells such that the second focal lies at a distance of 45 cm from the arc center. A spectrometer is used to validate the spectrum of the solar simulator with the spectrum of sunlight. Different spectrometers are reviewed and, based on accuracy, a mini USB Spectrometer of Thunder Optics is used, which can measure a spectrum in the visible range of light. For validation of irradiance of the solar simulator on the required plane, CM4 Pyranometer by Kipp & Zonen is used since it provides a high operational temperature range of −40°C to +150°C, and a response time of less than 8 seconds. Accordingly, the technical specifications, of the major instruments employed, are listed in Table 4.