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Electric Generators
Published in Neil Petchers, Combined Heating, Cooling & Power Handbook: Technologies & Applications, 2020
Single-phase ac power consists of either a single voltage or two voltages in series with exactly the same phase relationship. NEMA lists standard single-phase voltages for 60 Hz systems as 120 volts, 240 volts, or a combination of 120 and 240 volts. There are three basic types of single-phase generators: Single-voltage, two-lead generators. These usually have a single circuit armature with two load leads and are designed to produce a single-output voltage.Three-load lead, dual-voltage generators. These are similar to the two-load lead design, except that a center-tapped lead is brought out to allow a dual single-phase voltage output.Four-load lead reconnectable generators. These are the most versatile and commonly used single-phase generators. They have a two-circuit armature winding, with each coil group designed for 120 volt output. Low voltage is produced by connecting the coils in parallel, and high voltage is produced by connecting them in series. The series configuration allows 240 volt, two-wire service. A third output lead can be used for three-wire, 120/240 volt service.
Three-Phase Systems
Published in Muhammad H. Rashid, Ahmad Hemami, Electricity and Electronics for Renewable Energy Technology, 2017
All over the world, except in very small local generators, commercial electricity is generated and distributed using a three-phase AC system. Three-phase electricity is, in fact, three single-phase AC systems integrated together. Obviously, this is because of advantages that a three-phase system has over three separate single-phase systems. Moreover, all three systems are generated simultaneously and by one machine. This makes the generation process more efficient. Similarly, on the consumption side, because of the same reasons many industrial loads such as electric motors can be made three phase, which makes them more efficient and even better (see Chapter 11) than equivalent single-phase loads. Except for certain relationships, all that we have learned so far about single-phase AC electricity applies to a three-phase electricity system. In this chapter we study the extension from single phase to three phase and the differences in formulation when it applies.
DC and AC Power
Published in S. Bobby Rauf, Electrical Engineering for Non-Electrical Engineers, 2021
The term “single phase AC” implies that the AC power source consists of one energized or higher electrical potential conductor or terminal. The other conductor, wire or terminal serves as a neutral and is typically connected to building or power distribution system ground. Mechanical engineers, with thermodynamic background, could view the energized line or terminal as the “heat source” and could apply the analogy of “heat sink” to the neutral or ground. This analogy is premised on the fact that, for heat engines to perform work through steam turbines, the superheated steam must have a heat source and a heat sink to traverse between.
FPGA-Based Space Vector Pulse Width Modulated Single-Phase to Three-Phase Converter
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2019
Preeti Agrawal, Anshul Agarwal, Vineeta Agarwal
A single-phase to three-phase converter has been designed which generates a three-phase high frequency output from single-phase low frequency input. A modified modulation technique has been applied to estimate the firing angles of the switches so that the output of converter approximates a sine wave with minimum THD. GA has been used as a mathematical tool for calculation of optimum firing angles of switches. Three objective functions have been derived by setting the constraints depending on the number of pulses in one output half cycle. A laboratory prototype of the proposed converter-fed induction motor is developed through Xilinx FPGA. Test results are presented to validate the proposed design and simulated results of the system. The developed converter may be used for speed control of high speed AC drives.
Performance enhancement of single-phase induction motor using GA based multi-objective Optimisation
Published in International Journal of Electronics, 2022
M. Bin Younas, H.A Khalid, Adeel Javed, H. Yetis, T. Goktas, M. Arkan
Single-phase induction motors are widely used in domestic and industrial applications that consume a major chunk of electrical energy. Therefore, a small contribution to improve efficiency will put a greater impact on energy saving. In this paper, the dynamic performance of SPIM is improved using a genetic algorithm-based multi-objective optimisation framework for water pump application. Motor performance is increased by changing the stator/rotor core and rotor bar materials and dimensions. Additionally, the efficiency and power factor of SPIM has been increased while rated current, losses, and motor volume have been decreased compared to the basic motor. The optimised designs present practical viable solutions for achieving high energy efficiency and performance.
Analysis of a Novel Three-phase Asynchronous Generator Based on Graph Theory for Supplying Single-Phase Load
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2021
Sambaran Ray, Himadri S. Chatterjee, Sankar N. Mahato, Nirmal K. Roy
In remote and rural areas, most of the electrical loads are of single-phase type. Since the single-phase induction machines are generally not available in the integral kW rating higher than 5 kW, single-phase power supply using single-phase SEIG is restricted up to the load of this capacity. Moreover, using three-phase SAG for single-phase power generation, instead of the single-phase SAG, the power pulsation, vibration and noise can be avoided [14–15,20–29].