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Sustainable Supply Chain Operations in the Circular Economy
Published in Ifeyinwa Juliet Orji, Frank Ojadi, The Circular Supply Chain, 2023
Ifeyinwa Juliet Orji, Frank Ojadi
Consumers are increasingly more environmentally conscious, resulting in firms investing in greener processes like a higher recycling rate. in other words, a higher recycling rate (the fraction of recycled resources) used in the production process satisfies green consumers. Investments allow continuous enhancement of recycling over time. Yet, the recycling rate, like any quality process, may degrade slowly over time if not maintained. Given that the recycling rate is the fraction of recycled resources used – due to inventions, new developments, technological progress, regulation, etc. – over time, the notion of what constitutes a recycled product changes (compared to other firms and underlying standards) leading to a natural degradation of a firm's recycling rate if it stops investing in its greenness. Relative greenness is popular in published studies available in extant literature but not explicit as usually two products are used and the greenness of one product is normalized to zero. For example, in Denmark, due to the operating conditions and requirements for the operation of car-dismantling companies, the firms that generate recycled products fundamentally changed from the mid-1990s to the mid-2000s. From a modeling perspective, the degradation of the recycling rate equates to the degradation/depreciation of the model's state variable, an approach commonly used in the green economics literature. Thus, the recycling rate increases with investment and decreases otherwise.
Solid waste and landfill leachate
Published in Manish Kumar, Sanjeeb Mohapatra, Kishor Acharya, Contaminants of Emerging Concerns and Reigning Removal Technologies, 2022
Sasmita Chand, Bhubaneswar Pradhan, Sujata Chand, Sushanta Kumar Naik
Exponential growth in population, rapid urbanization, industrialization, economic development, and an overall improvement in living standard has led to the generation of huge amounts of waste production in India. The waste management systems in India are not adequate due to their dependence on insufficient waste infrastructure, the informal sector, and open dumping when compared to developed countries. Lack of effective solid waste management policies, appropriate technology, and sufficiency of trained manpower for waste management are some of the major challenges. Therefore, community awareness and changes in mindset among the public is the need of hour for developing an appropriate and sustainable solid waste management strategy. Extensive techniques of waste management and alternatives such as source reduction and increase in recycling rate and increase in the number of recycling industries should be implemented. This will also provide new employment opportunities, increase the proper disposal, and bring awareness about the service. Additionally, there should be research collaboration between production plants and the research institutions to develop the waste-to-energy plants for the development of effective waste management techniques and technology and study of environmental impacts.
2 Reduction
Published in Linda Godfrey, Johann F Görgens, Henry Roman, Opportunities for Biomass and Organic Waste Valorisation, 2020
A scenario analysis of both targets was carried out. Twelve different scenarios were used to model the possible realistic recycling rates based on the present and future recycling rates. Full details are presented in Table 12.2. The overall recycling rate and the individual waste fraction composition for each of the scenarios are presented in Table 12.3. The overall recycling rate was between 36.1% and 46.9%. An analysis of the potential electricity generation rate from incineration and landfill gas recovery is presented in Figure 12.4. The electricity generation rate for incineration ranges from 0.55–0.62 MWh/tonne MSW and 0.262–0.305 MWh/tonne MSW. The highest electricity generation rate from incineration was at a recycling rate of 45.7%. Landfill gas recovery was at 44.2%. The lowest energy generation rate from incineration was at a 43.0% recycling rate. Landfill gas recovery was at a 38.9% recycling rate.
A study on the suitability of which yarn number to use for recycle polyester fiber
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2019
Recycled polyethylene terephthalate is known as rPET, and it is the most widely recycled plastic in the world. According to PETRA, the PET Resin Association, the U.S. recycling rate is about 30%, while it is 52% in the European Union. Almost 1.8 billion pounds of PET were recycled in 2015, used to make a to make a variety of end products. rPET is employed for new products such as polyester carPET fiber, fabric for T-shirts long underwear, athletic shoes, luggage, upholstery, sweaters and fiberfill for sleeping bags and winter coats, industrial strapping, sheet and film, automotive parts, new PET containers (https://www.thebalancesmb.com/recycling-polyethylene-terephthalate-pet-2877869).
Green ship evaluation based on improved AHP-FCE-ODM model from the perspective of shipbuilding supply chain
Published in International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications, 2023
Gen Li, Yujie Guo, Huaming Jiang, Lingyuan Kong, Ying Zhou, Weiwei Wang
The ship scrapping phase is the end of the ship’s life cycle. In the ship scrapping phase, advanced ship dismantling technology can better prevent the leakage of waste hazardous substances and reduce the pressure on the environment(Steuer, Staudner, and Ramusch 2021). If not handled properly, it will bring a great burden to the environment and threaten the safety of personnel; If the corresponding treatment measures are not taken for hazardous waste, wastewater, and waste oil, they will cause serious pollution to waterways. In addition, the scrapping process will produce a large amount of exhaust gas, causing air pollution. The main goal of ship end-of-life dismantling is to achieve maximum recycling benefits through the reuse of products and parts and the recycling of materials while protecting resources and the environment. Taking the above considerations into account, three evaluation indicators are selected for the ship scrapping phase: ship dismantling technology, pollutant emission, and material recycling & reuse rate. The ship dismantling technology refers to the ability to dismantle the scrapped ships efficiently and safely and avoid the leakage of harmful substances, and the larger value of this indicator means the more advanced technology of the ship dismantling enterprise. Pollutant emission refers to the sum of all kinds of pollutant emissions generated in the process of ship scrapping, and the pollutant emission data are summed up after dimensionless processing by the linear proportion method. The lower value of this indicator means the better the environmental compatibility of the end-of-life phase. Material recycling rate refers to the proportion of recyclable waste materials to waste materials, the larger the ratio, the better.
Optimal choice of power battery joint recycling strategy for electric vehicle manufacturers under a deposit-refund system
Published in International Journal of Production Research, 2022
Xin Li, Jianbang Du, Pei Liu, Chao Wang, Xiaoqian Hu, Pezhman Ghadimi
The influence of the deposit-refund system on the recycling rate and total profit is illustrated in Figure 5. It is clear that the increase in the upfront disposal fee makes the recycling rate increase, but it reduces the total profit in all the modes. An increase in the recycling subsidy increases the recycling rate and total profit. Generally, the implementation of the deposit-refund system can promote the recycling rate of power batteries, but whether it is beneficial or detrimental in terms of the total profit depends on the values of the upfront disposal fee and recycling subsidy.