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Power System Protection
Published in Amitava Sil, Saikat Maity, Industrial Power Systems, 2022
The objective of power system protection is to isolate a faulty section of electrical power system from rest of the live system so that the rest portion can function satisfactorily without any severe damage due to fault current. Protection can be classified as (i) Apparatus protection that deals with detection of a fault in the apparatus and consequent protection. Transmission Line Protection, Transformer Protection, Generator Protection, Motor Protection, Busbar Protection, etc. fall under this category; (ii) System protection that deals with detection of proximity of system to unstable operating region and consequent control actions to restore stable operating point and/or prevent damage to equipment. Out-of-Step Protection, Under-frequency/Over frequency protection, etc. are such kinds of protection.
Protective Relaying System
Published in Ramesh Bansal, Power System Protection in Smart Grid Environment, 2019
Power system protection is a branch of electrical power engineering that deals with the protection of electrical power systems from faults through isolation of faulty parts from the rest of the electrical network. There are several textbooks on protective relaying system published from 1998 to 2014; however, this chapter is unique in comparison with the available literature [1–9] because it provides case studies on time-overcurrent protection, relay-to-relay coordination and transformer differential protection functions using DigSilent simulation models.
Transmission Line Protection
Published in Leonard L. Grigsby, Power System Stability and Control, 2017
The purpose of power system protection is to detect faults or abnormal operating conditions and to initiate corrective action. Relays must be able to evaluate a wide variety of parameters to establish that corrective action is required. Obviously, a relay cannot prevent the fault. Its primary purpose is to detect the fault and take the necessary action to minimize the damage to the equipment or to the system. The most common parameters that reflect the presence of a fault are the voltages and currents at the terminals of the protected apparatus or at the appropriate zone boundaries. The fundamental problem in power system protection is to define the quantities that can differentiate between normal and abnormal conditions. This problem is compounded by the fact that “normal” in the present sense means outside the zone of protection. This aspect, which is of the greatest significance in designing a secure relaying system, dominates the design of all protection systems.
Self-Isolation of Faulted Section from Closed loop Distribution System Using HHO for WSN-Based Smart Grids
Published in Electric Power Components and Systems, 2023
Due to the improvement in wireless sensor network (WSN) topology, the electrical smart grid technologies are also introducing WSN because of multiple applications like low cost and highly reliable output. The smart grids transfer power supply from generation to distribution end consumers through feeders. In the distribution section, many faults occur due to environmental conditions that lead to the failure of transmission lines or faults at the breaker circuit. These faults can be avoided by continuously monitoring and updating the changes to diagnose and control the fault for power system protection. The smart grids are designed as a closed-loop system with feedback automation [1]. Potential and current transformers sense the fault location, but it introduces the magnetic core saturation. These issues are effectively handled by WSN [2] by updating the fault location globally. The real-time grid monitoring system provides a low quality of service (QoS) [3]. Continuous monitoring is used to avoid failures in the distribution system [4].
Adaptive Protection Strategy in a Microgrid Under Disparate Operating Modes
Published in Electric Power Components and Systems, 2020
Adhishree Srivastava, Sanjoy Kumar Parida
The introduction of DG in a power distribution network causes it to deviate from its radial nature. The power flow changes from being unidirectional to being bidirectional [1, 2]. This change is reflected in the values of short circuit fault current levels and in their direction as well [2, 3]. Various power system protection schemes are in place to minimize the damage due to faults and abnormalities. The essence is to isolate the faulty sections and switch off any electrical equipment till healthy relay coordination is attained [4]. Inclusion of DGs necessitates the reconfiguration of relay settings by revaluating the updated values of actuating quantities, so as to reflect the new steady state and fault current values.