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Photovoltaics
Published in D. Yogi Goswami, Principles of Solar Engineering, 2023
Perovskite solar cells are a class of solar cells that have seen the fastest growth in the last decade, with their efficiency going up from 3.8% in 2009 to 25.2% in 2019, a jump in efficiency that took silicon solar cells almost 50 years to achieve (Suresh Kumar and Naidu 2021; Roy et al. 2020, see Figure 9.19). By 2021, efficiencies of 25.8% for single perovskite cell and more than 30% for perovskite/silicon tandem cell were reported in the literature (Kim et al. 2021). The cost of perovskite solar cells is expected to be around $0.15/W, which would be the lowest of any kinds of solar cells. Some companies have already announced commercial manufacturing plans. However, the biggest concern at this time is the lifetime of perovskite solar cells, which has also increased over time, but is still not acceptable for large-scale adoption. The lifetime has increased from a few minutes to thousands of hours in the last 10 years but it needs to be in the range of 20–30 years to be commercially viable. Based on the amount of research and development activity around the world, it is expected that this lifetime will be achieved in the next 5 years.
Renewable Energy through Nanotechnology
Published in Cherry Bhargava, Amit Sachdeva, Nanotechnology, 2020
W. Nada, S. Dania, Sharon Santhosh, Asha Anish Madhavan
Studies on perovskite solar cells have attracted a great deal of research because of their exceptional lifetimes, mobility of charge carriers and light absorption properties, which enable the production of solar cell devices that have low cost, industrially scalable technology and most importantly, have high efficiencies. Perovskite has a molecular structure of ABX3 and is a derivative of the CaTiO3 compound (calcium titanate) [23]. Since the cubic grid-screen layered octahedral structures and special optical, thermal and electromagnetic properties, perovskite materials have attracted considerable interest. The main characteristics of these solar cells are: Cell thickness is negligible relative to its length and width, thereby taking into consideration the heat losses only from the top and bottom surfaces and not the sides of the cell.Thermal capacity is neglected since the cell thickness is significantly small.The small thickness of the cell enables the touch resistances to not affect the average cell temperature [23,24].
Commercial Prospects and Manufacturing Costs
Published in Kunwu Fu, Anita Wing Yi Ho-Baillie, Hemant Kumar Mulmudi, Pham Thi Thu Trang, Perovskite Solar Cells, 2019
Kunwu Fu, Anita Wing Yi Ho-Baillie, Hemant Kumar Mulmudi, Pham Thi Thu Trang
Perovskite solar cell is an example of early stage photovoltaic technology. Perovskite solar cells have been described as a lower cost alternative to other solar cell technologies because they can be fabricated using solution processes with small material usage and low temperature requirement. However, detailed cost analysis is limited.4
A comprehensive review of different types of solar photovoltaic cells and their applications
Published in International Journal of Ambient Energy, 2021
Neelam Rathore, Narayan Lal Panwar, Fatiha Yettou, Amor Gama
Perovskite solar cells are a newly developed solar cell research group which has several advantages compared with thin-film solar cells and conventional silicon. Perovskite are class of compounds defined by the formula ABX3 where X denotes a halogen such as I−, Br−, Cl− and A and B are cations of different sizes. Figure 10 depicts the crystal structure of the perovskite solar cell. Park (2015) first reported stable perovskite solar cells having conversion efficiency (PCE) as high as high as 9.7%. Jacobsson et al. (2016) analysed that performance dropped upto 25% when the temperature was increased from −80°C to 80°C. These solar cells have an efficiency upto 31% (Shi, Zeng, and Shen 2015). Stability and durability are certain issues regarding perovskite type solar cells. Due to degradation of the material used in this cell, the efficiency gets reduced. The effect of the increase in temperature on the efficiency of the perovskite solar cell is shown in Table 6.
Enhancement of PV performance using optical solar spectrum splitting
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2021
Mohammad Hamdan, Amani K. Brawiesh
Kim et al. (2019) reported on the nanostructure and dynamics of electron transport and recombination in perovskite solar cell incorporating oriented hemisphere TiO2 arrays. The size of hemisphere pattern were selectively controlled to 300, 700, 1100 and 1400 nm. Hemisphere TiO2 photonic crystals as electron transport layer lead to light scattering effect in perovskite solar cell. It was found that 1400 nm sized of hemisphere pattern using 1600 nm polystyrene bead provided the highest light-utilization efficiency among those in the visible range, in addition recombination rate of electron transport layer was also decreased. As a result, the power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cell was improved from 10.5% to 15.2%
Development of tin-based perovskite materials for solar cell applications: A minireview
Published in Instrumentation Science & Technology, 2021
Perovskite solar cells are promising candidates for inexpensive solar electricity. Perovskites include a series of oxides with the chemical formula ABO3 that reveal favorable properties such as magnetic, ferroelectric, and two-dimensional electronic conductivity.[1,2] The pioneering work of employing halide perovskites on solar cells was demonstrated by Kojima et al.[3] These authors utilized methylammonium lead bromine (MAPbBr3) perovskite as a light-sensitizer into dye-sensitized solar cells and obtained a power conversion efficiency of up to 3.8% in 2009.