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Project Safety
Published in Dhananjoy Ghosh, Safety in Petroleum Industries, 2021
Following standards are applicable in construction safety:SP 70 from BIS and OISD-GDN-192: Construction safety practices.NFPA 70-E: Standard for electrical safety in workplace, 2004 edition.NFPA 30: Flammable and combustible liquids code.NFPA 33: Standard for spray application using flammable and combustible material.NFPA 241: Safeguarding construction, alterations and demolition operation.NFPA 70: National electric code.NFPA 51B: Standard for fire prevention during welding, cutting and other hot work.
Complying with Fire, Welding, and Hot Work Requirements
Published in Frank R. Spellman, Surviving an OSHA Audit, 2020
Many organizations use a permit procedure for all hot work, except in normal operations and processes. Hot work is any kind of activity that involves or generates sparks or open flame. It includes heated equipment that might provide an ignition source for a fire. Hot work often involves people from a maintenance department going to other departments to perform activities. The main idea in a hot work procedure is to ensure that supervisors of all departments involved and workers who might be involved in any way in the work participate in the decision to start work and conduct it safely (Brauer, 1994).
Entry and Hot Work Permits
Published in John F. Rekus, Complete Confined Spaces Handbook, 2018
Hot work is a term used to describe heat-producing operations such as welding, flame-cutting and grinding. Hot work presents two significant hazards. First, open flames, flying sparks and hot surfaces can ignite flammable gases and vapors. Second, hot work may produce toxic fumes and gases. The fact that hot work is going to be performed in a confined space must be noted prominently either on the entry permit or on a special “hot work permit” attached to the entry permit. Some of the more important precautions and work practices that should be considered when permitting hot work are summarized below.
Workplace exposure to particulate matter, bio-accessible, and non-soluble metal compounds during hot work processes
Published in Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 2019
Balázs Berlinger, Ulf Skogen, Conny Meijer, Yngvar Thomassen
“Hot work” is a term used for working with ignition sources near flammable materials, and to the extent that surface grinding of metals may cause sparks, it can also be classified as hot work. Thus, welding, flame and plasma cutting, air carbon arc gouging, and surface grinding are examples of hot work. During an arc welding process, an electric arc is created and maintained between a welding electrode and the base material to melt the metals at the point-of-contact.[1] In flame cutting, the part of the material to be cut is raised to ignition temperature by an oxygen-fuel (e.g., acetylene) gas flame.[2] During plasma cutting, an arc is formed between the electrode and the workpiece, which is constricted by a fine bore, copper nozzle. The plasma gas flow is increased so that the deeply penetrating plasma jet cuts through the material, and molten material is removed in the efflux plasma.[3] During air carbon arc gouging, an electric arc is generated between the tip of a copper-coated graphite electrode and the workpiece. The molten metal is blown away by high velocity air jet streams. This is an effective process to clean metal surfaces.[4] Surface grinding is used to plane the surface of a workpiece, remove surface coatings, mistakes, or excess material. A grinding wheel of aluminum oxide or silicon carbide is usually used in this process.[5]