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Africa
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Modular Systems for Energy Usage in District Heating
Published in Yatish T. Shah, Modular Systems for Energy Usage Management, 2020
There are various advantages of DH systems over individual heat systems. The former tends to be more efficient and the larger-sized combustion units have more advanced cleaning systems in their gas flues. They can often utilize heat outputs from industry for efficient energy “‘recycling.” However, these systems do require long-term investment, and government policy must focus on the long-term gains. The systems are also best suited for areas with high population densities, particularly those with apartment blocks. For example, in UK, there is a large EnviroEnergy plant in Nottingham, which now heats over 4,600 homes and business premises. Scotland also has a range of district heat schemes, and Southampton has a significant scheme [2].
Co-carbonization of waste biomass with expanded polystyrene for enhanced biochar production
Published in Biofuels, 2023
Adewale George Adeniyi, Victor Temitope Amusa, Ebuka Chizitere Emenike, Kingsley O. Iwuozor
Biomass refers to all forms of natural energy sources (aside from fossil fuels) derived from both plants and animals, as well as the by-products generated from using these materials that have accumulated through time [7, 8]. Biomass is the only renewable energy source that has the potential to produce energy, chemicals, and materials with no negative environmental effects [9, 10]. It is currently the fourth largest source of energy, accounting for approximately 14% of global energy consumption [11], and is expected to provide between 15% and 50% of global energy supply by the mid-twentieth century [12]. The almond plant (Terminalia catappa) is native to Southeast Asia but is also grown in Australia, the southern United States, and tropical Africa [13]. The plant is a huge tree that may grow up to 30 meters tall and has a strong, broad trunk. Glossy, obovate leaves that are typically 8 to 30 cm long cluster at the ends of the branches of the plant [14]. In urban settings, the tree is grown for its shade and decorative benefits. The fruits of this plant include edible kernels from which high-energy oil is extracted. This oil can also be blended with diesel fuel. The leaves and bark are frequently employed in traditional medicine [15]. The large, broad leaves of the plant are shed annually and have no competitive use afterwards. Energy recycling from wastes, particularly agricultural wastes, has sparked increased research attention in recent years, prompting the development of a number of technologies [16]. Thermochemical processing is one such technology that recycles biomass waste into valuable fuels.
Membrane desalination of ballast water using thermoelectric energy from waste heat
Published in Journal of Marine Engineering & Technology, 2022
Ballast water management and treatment is an important part of the economic portfolio for marine industry operations (Balaji and Yaakob 2012). Increasing environmental awareness and stringent environmental regulations call for proper treatment and disposal of ballast water. Among the many environmental concerns associated with marine industry operations, environmental emissions and pollution footprint from fossil fuel consumption is a very critical concern. About 50% of fuel input supplied to marine engines results in waste heat through various forms such as main engine exhaust, scavenger air cooling, and other water cooling streams (Biswas et al. 2018). To improve energy efficiency, various approaches including waste heat recovery systems have been considered (Kristiansen et al. 2012; Suárez de la Fuente and Greig 2015; El Geneidy et al. 2018). Energy recovery systems to extract energy from waste heat sources include energy storage units, thermoelectric generation units, energy recycling through various recovery streams.