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Revegetation of Energy Crops on Acidic and Alkaline Toxic Metal-Rich Mining Waste and Soil: Carbon Sequestration, Energy Production and Waste Management
Published in Hossain Md Anawar, Vladimir Strezov, Abhilash, Sustainable and Economic Waste Management, 2019
Md Zabed Hossain, Hossain Md Anawar, I. Santa-Regina, Farjana Akter
The start-up schemes should get financial support initially, but subsequently they should be self-sufficient. Crop residues are recommended for use as a co-product in biofuel production instead of throwing them away as wastes. The issue of removing soil's organic carbon by harvesting energy crops should be tackled by the farmer himself, by creating sufficient surplus value for the harvested residues and with this surplus return the carbon can be removed (Arbor, 2015). The common agricultural policy (CAP) should include short rotation crops (SRC) as a greening measure. The risks and opportunities in using these agricultural crop residues for energy generation should be considered in light of a set of sustainability indicators and environmental criteria (Terrapon-Pfaff, 2012). The appropriate use of certain agricultural process residues could not only improve and secure energy production and supply, but could also improve the sustainability of current landuse practices.
Environmental and Energy Potential Assessment of Integrated First and Second Generation Bioenergy Feedstocks
Published in Vladimir Strezov, Hossain M. Anawar, Renewable Energy Systems from Biomass, 2018
Hannah Hyunah Cho, Vladimir Strezov
Although the pre-treatment processes for producing biofuel from the lignocellulosic feedstocks are still challenging, it is important to estimate the energy content and the quantity of crop residues for expanding the production scale of biofuel (Unal and Alibas, 2007). The crop residue is one of the most abundant biomass resources, and its utilization can be advantageous to increase overall efficiency of biofuel production by producing additional energy from the residues. However, estimating the potential energy yield can be complex, because the types of energy produced from the residues can vary (e.g., biogas, electricity) according to the types of residues, and the fuel conversion processes employed (Sharma et al., 2017). Most of the energy produced from the residues is currently used as an operating energy during the biofuel production processes (de Vries et al., 2010), and these factors make it difficult to compare the energy yield produced from different types of residues. For this reason, CV (presented as megajoules of energy content per kilogram of dry residues) of each type of residue was employed to estimate the total potential energy yield produced from the residues. The CV can be obtained by the complete combustion of dried crop residues using a bomb calorimeter (Demirbaş and Demirbaş, 2004), and because the CV can be reduced by the moisture content present in the residues (McKendry, 2002), the dry weight of residue was used to estimate the energy yield.
Biomass Feedstock Resources and Composition
Published in Charles E. Wyman, Handbook on Bioethanol, 2018
Arthur Wiselogel, Shaine Tyson, David Johnson
Crop residues considered for collection are from corn, small grains, and grass. Residues from beans, potatoes, and vegetable crops are not considered because of harvesting equipment limitations and fertility concerns. Small grain crops and corn are harvested by combines that leave a stubble and blow the straw or stalks back onto the field after harvest. In many areas, farmers have been encouraged to do this to protect the soil from wind and water erosion, and to maintain organic matter. No-till is gaining popularity among corn farmers for dry-land farming. However, in many areas farmers are required to remove the straw and stalks from their fields to prevent disease, or the environment is not conducive to leaving the straw and stalks in the field. These situations can provide a market for crop residues. Examples of this are rice straw m California [10] and grass straw in the Willamette valley of Oregon [11].
The socio-economic impact assessment of biofuels production in South Africa: A rapid structured review of literature
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2023
Mvelase L.M., Ferrer S.R.D, Mustapha N
To ensure sustainability (food security, water availability and natural habitat), the study recommends the promotion of advanced biofuels produced from starch-rich crop residues. This is because crop residues have already fulfilled their food consumption, and recycling them and using them as feedstock to produce biofuels can generate additional positive economic benefits. Furthermore, food residues do not compete with food crops for land, hence direct and indirect land use changes are avoided. Studies reviewed also supported advanced biofuels even in terms of environmental benefits, as the reduction in GHGs emissions was considerably higher than that of 1 G biofuels (Wagner et al. 2018). However, for that to be realized, amendments will be necessary to the current biofuel regulatory framework (documented on the South African biofuels’ regulatory framework by the DMRE (2020)) to include support for the production of advanced biofuels.
Optimizing best management practices to control anthropogenic sources of atmospheric phosphorus deposition to inland lakes
Published in Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 2018
Lee Weiss, Jesse Thé, Jennifer Winter, Bahram Gharabaghi
Crop residue management ensures that organic matter levels in soils are optimal for continued crop production. This technique is considered one of the most commonly used BMPs in southern Ontario to protect the soil surface from erosion (Greenland International Consulting Ltd 2010) and is an important part of the crop production system. Crop residue management is defined as “any tillage and planting system that uses no-till, ridge-till, mulch-till or other systems designed to retain all or a portion of the previous crop’s reside on the soil surface. The amount required depends on other conservation practices applied to the field and the farmer’s objectives” (USDA 2008). In the absence of residue left on or incorporated in the soil, nutrients will continue to degrade, leading to declining soil structure and increased runoff.
Assessment of potential biomass energy production in China towards 2030 and 2050
Published in International Journal of Sustainable Energy, 2018
AR are calculated based on the production of agricultural products and residue to product ratio of each crop. The potential crop yields are predicted based on the annual increased rate. The productions of crops residues are estimated based on the crop yields and the residue to product ratio, which is affected by internal and external factors, for example, crop breeds, soil condition, and local environment. The theoretical production of AR is estimated to be 131 million tons in 2014 (Table 6). The crop residues yield increased with the increasing crop yields until a certain level of crop yield (Bentsen, Felby, and Thorsen 2014; Fischer, Byerlee, and Edmeades 2014). It is assumed that the residue yield will not increase with the level of crop yield until 2014. Based on this assumption, the residues to product ratios of main crops are estimated for 2030 and 2050 (Table 6). The potential AR are identified with crop yields and land use scenarios. The average crop residues productions are predicted to be 1.0 t/ha and 1.06 t/ha in 2030 and 2050, respectively. The difference between the average crop residue yields is due to the land occupation among the crops. The largest crop residues productions are from corn, rice, sugarcane, and wheat crops. Corn, rice, and wheat are the principal food grain crops for food output.