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Biowastes for Ethanol Production
Published in Ram K. Gupta, Tuan Anh Nguyen, Energy from Waste, 2022
Jeffin James Abraham, Christian Randell A. Arro, Ali A. El-Samak, Alaa H. Hawari, Deepalekshmi Ponnamma
Commonly known as biodegradable waste, it is a culmination of organic or decomposable waste under aerobic conditions. A definition has been cemented by organizations such as the EU’s Waste Framework Directive from 2008 stating that biowaste refers to “biodegradable garden waste, food and kitchen waste from households, restaurants, caterers and retail premises and comparable waste from food processing plants”, which overlaps with their definition of MSW as follows: “Covers household waste and waste in similar nature and composition to household waste” [10]. According to the World Bank Group (2018), their review of solid waste reveals that there is a global production of 2.01 billion tons of solid waste, with only 44% belonging to food and green waste, 17% to paper and cardboard, and 2% to wood [11]. It is expected that the increase in population would further increase waste levels. With only 19% of global solid waste undergoing recycling, the utility for waste-to-energy processes and technology is ever more needed for better waste and environment management.
Sewage Management: Sources, Effects, and Treatment Technologies
Published in Krishna Kumar, Gaurav Saini, Duc Manh Nguyen, Narendra Kumar, Rachna Shah, Smart Cities, 2022
A material that could be decomposed by bacteria or other species and cannot be added to pollutants can be identified as a biologically degradable material. Biodegradable waste is waste that can be degraded by natural factors such as microbes (for example, bacteria, and fungi) and abiotic elements such as sunlight, ultraviolet light, oxygen, and so on. It includes foodstuffs, cooking waste, and other natural waste. Complex compounds are broken down into basic organic matters, which eventually stop and dissipate in the environment. It is normal to proceed faster or slower. Environmental problems and dangers from biodegradable waste are also poor. Biodegradable waste is a form of waste that can be destroyed by other living species, and usually originates from plant or animal sources. City waste, such as green waste, fruit, paper waste, and biodegradable plastics, is widely found as biologically degradable waste.
Green manufacturing and environment
Published in S. Thirumalai Kumaran, Tae Jo Ko, S. Suresh Kumar, Temel Varol, Materials for Lightweight Constructions, 2023
Ali Sohani, Jaroslav Vrchota, Burçin Atilgan Türkmen, Mohammad Mehdi Hosseini, Hitesh Panchal
Recycling is a process in which waste materials are transformed into new materials. One important part of this concept is the energy recovered from waste materials. The benefit of a material that contributes to regaining its original particles and properties is called recyclability [7]. Recycling not only prevents the waste of potentially useful materials, but it can also reduce fresh raw material consumption, energy consumption, as well as air and water pollution. As part of the “Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle” waste hierarchy, recycling is a vital component of modern waste reduction [8]. Here are some advantages of recycling:Helps conserve valuable natural resourcesReduces the amount of trash sent to landfillsSaves energy and moneyCreates new jobsReduces greenhouse gas emissionsRecyclable products reduce raw material input and redirect waste output in the economic system, thereby promoting environmental sustainability [9]. Paper, cardboard, glass, metal, plastic, tires, textiles, batteries, and electronic devices are just a few of the materials that can be recycled. Biodegradable waste is also recycled through composting and other means, such as by using food waste or by gardening [10]. Materials from household recycling bins or curbside recycling bins are collected and processed.
Behavioral aspects of solid waste management: A systematic review
Published in Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 2020
Sumana Jagadeshi Raghu, Lewlyn L.R. Rodrigues
This section discusses studies that developed theoretic models based on particular phenomena; we identified 10 studies that fit this criterion (Table 7). These studies are exploratory in attempting to link research constructs. Bandura (1977) proposed an integrative model and hypothesized that personal efficacy (their degree of persistence) determines an individual’s behavior. Furthermore, Bandura (1991) calls for cultivating proximal sub-goals to attain a target behavior. For example, if composting is the target behavior, separation, and collection of kitchen biodegradable waste could be a sub-goal. Cognitive theorists are more interested in establishing the determining factors of the target behavior. For example, Rosenstock, Strecher, and Becker (1988) incorporated self-efficacy into the HBM and concluded that a target behavior can be achieved when an individual possesses outcome expectations and efficacy expectations, both of which are required to perform a behavior. However, according to Deci and Ryan (1980) model, the performance of a specific behavior depends on information received externally, from the environment, and internally, from within the individual. Thus, these authors argued that motive plays a pivotal role in deciding a person’s behavior.
On-site renewable energy for industrial buildings in Sri Lanka: a life-cycle cost analysis
Published in Intelligent Buildings International, 2022
N. W. K. V. V. Nanayakkara, B. A. K. S. Perera, I. M. Chethana S. Illankoon
Using biomass is environmentally friendly as it supports waste management within the built environment and mitigates the emission of bio methane which is a harmful gas. Every type of waste cannot be treated biologically. Only biodegradable waste can be used for this purpose. Anaerobic digestion is a slow process. In addition, relevant pH value and temperature should be maintained to carry out the process properly.
Assessment of methane emission and evaluation of energy potential from the municipal solid waste landfills
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2020
Islam Safia Abdelli, Farouk Yahia Addou, Sanaa Dahmane, Fatiha Abdelmalek, Ahmed Addou
The rapidly biodegradable waste is food waste and plant waste (garden and park), paper and cardboard that decompose a few days after being disposed off in a landfill and may require up to 5 years to be completely decomposed. However, textiles, rubber, leather, and wood are slowly biodegradable. They begin decomposing about 5 years after landfilling and can last up to 50 years (Tchobanoglous, Thiessen, and Vigil 1993).