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Renewable Energy Based Smart Microgrids—A Pathway to Green Port Development
Published in Stephen A. Roosa, International Solutions to Sustainable Energy, Policies and Applications, 2020
Atulya Misra, Gayathri Venkataramani, Senthilkumar Gowrishankar, Elayaperumal Ayyasam, Velraj Ramalingam
There is a growing realization that energy storage (ES) systems will be key technologies in future electricity transmission networks, particularly those with heavy dependence on RE resources. Energy storage systems can: 1) enable a match between supply and demand; 2) replace inefficient auxiliary power production; 3) ensure grid stability with a diversified energy supply and increased levels of renewable penetration; 4) ensure security of supply; and 5) facilitate distributed generation. A diverse range of electrical and thermal energy storage technologies exist, differentiated by power and energy density, physical size, cost, charge and discharge time periods and market readiness. For medium-to large-scale electrical storage requirements involving timescales on the order of hours, mechanical and electrochemical ES technologies are the most viable, but no single technology is capable of fulfilling all of the required roles. The energy storage technologies being developed include advanced batteries, compressed air energy storage, fuel cells and others to store intermittent renewable energy resources. Integration of energy storage technologies into generation and distribution networks requires an understanding of the potential benefits, risks, and conformity with network operational rules. It requires an optimal mix of thermal and electrical storage to achieve the multiple objectives of CO2 emissions reductions, cost minimization, safety and reliability.
Energy Storage Technologies for Microgrids
Published in Stephen A. Roosa, Fundamentals of Microgrids, 2020
Microgrids provide a ready market for energy storage. Unlike hydropower and geothermal generation resources, renewables such as solar and wind power are classic examples of resources that provide intermittent generation. To increase capacities, meet periods of high demand, and smooth the electric power provided to the system, energy storage is often a necessity. Reserve capacity is needed to maintain high-penetration microgrids [29]. There is a growing realization that electrical energy storage systems will be a key component of future electricity transmission networks, particularly those with heavy dependence on renewable resources [30]. Modern energy storage systems: 1) enable a match between supply and demand; 2) replace inefficient auxiliary power production; 3) ensure electric grid stability with a diversified energy supply and increased levels of renewable penetration; 4) ensure security of supply; and 5) facilitate distributed generation [30]. There are numerous types of electrical and thermal energy storage technologies, differentiated by power and energy density, physical size, cost, charge and discharge time periods, and market readiness (see Figures 7.3 and 7.4) [30].
The economics of space heating plants
Published in Keith J. Moss, Energy Management in Buildings, 2006
Life cycle costs will also include: FuelAuxiliary power for boilers, pumps, fans, temperature controls, etc.Planned preventive maintenancePerformance condition monitoringReplacementRecyclingWaste disposalRisk assessmentInsurance.
Exploration of Operation Modes of a Thermal Power Unit across Two Power Grids
Published in Electric Power Components and Systems, 2023
Jiasheng Wang, Ling Xiao, Yunzhong He
Now, the auxiliary and the standby transformers have the same amplitude and frequency. At the same time, their phase angle difference is a fixed value, depending on their electrical distance difference, generally no more than 10°, which meets the parallel condition that the phase angle difference should be less than 30°, specified in the technical specification [11]. The conventional electricity is provided by a unit’s auxiliary transformer, while the others’ auxiliary power is provided by themselves to reduce cost. When a unit starts up, the auxiliary power is also provided by other units in operation. However, when these units have problems, the unit’s auxiliary power will automatically switch to the standby transformer. When the system is stable, the standby transformer power will be slowly transferred to the other units’ auxiliary transformer to reduce the power grid’s purchasing power cost. However, if one unit’s auxiliary power is directly switched to the other logically, the risk will significantly increase. After all, one unit’s auxiliary power occupies about 7% of its power generation load or more, switched to the other unit, and quickly expands the accident. As a result, the power supply should be directly supplied from the standby transformer.
Smart Storage Systems for Electric Vehicles – A Review
Published in Smart Science, 2019
G. Udhaya Sankar, C. Ganesa Moorthy, G. RajKumar
Yanjun Huang et al. [53] proposed a controller designing model and construct an experimental system to be validated. According to their proposed method, the structure and modeling of Regenerative auxiliary power system were discussed with driving cycle; the simulation analysis shows that the usage of fuel saves up to 7%. For the future study on robust model, predictive controller has been designed for electric vehicles without predefined drive cycle. Two control factors was addressed in their work: Having well records on two reference variables, the load voltage and current of the battery; achieving smooth transition during load switch. In this model, the linear matrix inequality constraints with numerically efficient optimization problems were converted by designed problems.
Development of a PEMFC-based heat and power cogeneration system
Published in International Journal of Green Energy, 2018
Figure 7 is the startup mode process flowchart. Purge of the hydrogen loop leads the startup process by opening up the hydrogen solenoid valve, while the other peripheral devices stay closed. Auxiliary power or grid power is used to supply the peripheral devices initially to prepare the fuel cell stack ready to supply power to demands. Air pump is running 100% for 15 sec to blow off any possible water accumulation in the cathode circuit. Hydrogen circulation pump is turned on next to return unused hydrogen back to fuel inlet to conserve fuel consumption. Cooling water pump then is 100% turned on.