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2 fracturing process
Published in Heping Xie, Jian Zhao, Pathegama Gamage Ranjith, Deep Rock Mechanics: From Research to Engineering, 2018
In this study, a numerical model is developed to investigate the damage evolution of shale reservoirs in waterless fracturing. This numerical model considers the heterogeneity of shale, the mechanical and seepage properties of bedding plane, the different damage modes (shear and tensile) through the mechanical-seepage-damage coupling during the injection of water, nitrogen and the critical state of CO2. This numerical model is verified by comparison with the shale fracturing experiments under laboratory conditions and finally used to simulate the fracturing process by water, nitrogen and CO2 fracturing fluid. The damage evolution and the related responses are investigated and the impacts of stress ratio and bedding plane are analyzed.
Advances in waterless fracturing technologies for unconventional reservoirs
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2019
Zhaoyang Zhang, Jincheng Mao, Xiaojiang Yang, Jinzhou Zhao, Gregory S. Smith
With the increasing concern for environmental and water resource protection, more countries and researchers are paying greater attention to the development of waterless fracturing technologies. This technology is important in remote areas with water shortages, where waterless fracturing technology will bring large economic and environmental benefits to the local communities. Waterless fracturing technology has the following advantages: good compatibility with the reservoir fluid, no damage to the reservoir, strong fracture opening ability, enhanced production, rapid and thorough flowback, recyclability of materials, energy savings, and environmental protection. Many waterless fracturing technologies exist, each with its own characteristics. Only through an in-depth understanding of these technologies can their advantages be fully used and risks and accidents avoided.
Neural network protocol to predict interfacial tension for CO2/CH4/Water-Brine ternary systems under reservoir temperature and pressure ranges
Published in Petroleum Science and Technology, 2022
Andréa da Silva Pereira, Arthur Reys Carvalho de Oliveira, Pedro F. G. Silvino, Moises Bastos-Neto, Sebastião M. P. Lucena
Recently, another area where the effect of CO2 on the interfacial tension has attracted attention is in obtaining shale gas. To reduce damage problems in the water-based fracturing method, CO2 fracturing has been investigated as a waterless fracturing technique. Here the enhanced gas recovery occurs due to the interfacial properties of the CO2/CH4/brine systems under reservoir conditions (Liu, Li, and Okuno 2016).