China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Valve and Actuator Technology for the Offshore Industry
Published in Karan Sotoodeh, Coating Application for Piping, Valves and Actuators in Offshore Oil and Gas Industry, 2023
Topside offshore refers to units that are located on platforms or ships in seas and oceans. Fixed platforms are often used for the development of offshore fields in shallow water depths. They could be made of steel or concrete and rely on their own weight to sit on the seabed or ocean floor. An oil platform is a large structure used to house workers, facilities and units, including industrial piping, valves and actuators, that are used for the production and treatment of oil, gas and other petroleum byproducts. Figure 5.2 illustrates a fixed platform. Fixed platforms can be used for a design life of +30 years, and a maximum of 300 m water depth, as illustrated in Figure 5.3.
The Impact of Technological Innovation
Published in Kevin L. Falk, Why Nations Put to Sea, 2018
After fishing, the most significant resource currently taken from the ocean is oil. Technological advances in the last decade have revolutionized the ocean oil drilling industry. New detection gear has been combined with new mining equipment in efforts to probe depths impractical just a few years ago. Consider the example of the Gulf of Mexico: Because oil deposits in shallow water and close to shore were almost gone, this large body of water deemed “tapped-out” of oil by the industry until new technologies enabled oil companies to detect oil deposits 4,000 feet below the ocean’s surface.183 Until this decade it was difficult to locate oil more than 1,000 feet below the surface. Oil platforms operating in 2,500 foot waters are now the standard. In July 1996 the Shell Oil Company was drilling with tension-leg platforms in 3,000 foot waters. Drilling now occurs ever farther from the coast, and at ever increasing depths. In 1998 the Shell Oil Company anticipates deploying a tension-leg oil-production platform in 4,000 foot waters. Chevron has countered Shell with the development of a floating oil-production platform, the Genesis Spar. The Genesis Spar is already operating in 2,600 foot waters, and, because it is not tied to the ocean floor, it appears to have the potential for much deeper waters. Indeed, a consortium of oil companies (Shell, Mobil, Texaco, and Amoco) has begun exploratory drilling 200 miles off the Texas coast in 7,625 foot water.184
Gear Vibration
Published in Stephen P. Radzevich, Dudley's Handbook of Practical Gear Design and Manufacture, 2016
In the oil and gas industry, there is always the danger of explosions or fire in an oil refinery or on an oil platform. The equipment that is running constantly is generally checked each day with some simple vibration equipment. If some gear unit or other piece of power equipment reads significantly higher one day than it did the day before, it is a matter of immediate concern. Even when vibration values are low, a change upward is an immediate warning.
In-place analysis for design-level assessment of the fixed offshore platform
Published in Ships and Offshore Structures, 2021
Shehata E. Abdel Raheem, Elsayed M. Abdel Aal, Aly G. A. Abdel Shafy, Mohamed F. M. Fahmy, Mohamed Omar, Mahmoud H. Mansour
In this study, an oil platform that located in block 404 of Gulf of Suez, Egypt, was designed and built as four-pile platform, installed in approximately 78 m water depth and penetrated below mudline. There are nine conductors and three risers connected by the platform. The top of air gap zone (wave-deck clearance) located at elevation (+6.52 m) with respect to (w.r.t.) the Lowest Astronomical Tide (LAT). The platform consists of three parts as shown in Figure 2: Topside is formed from four decks (helideck at elevation (+20.10 m), mezzanine deck at (+15.50 m), main deck at (+12.50 m) and cellar deck at (+8.70 m) w.r.t. LAT. Substructure, a template jacket structure consists of four legs and six horizontal brace levels, top dimension (+5.00 m) is 10.34 × 12.21 m and base dimension on seabed (−77.985 m) is 22.586 × 26.938 m. Foundation, each of jacket legs is supported by a single pile, which extends along the main leg line, below the mud line, up to the pile penetration depth. The pile penetration depth is about 102 m. The pile has a tubular section with outer diameter of 48 inch (121.92 cm) and a wall thickness of 2 inch (5.08 cm). The properties of the structural steel used in the platform are; Density 7.85 t/m3, Young's Modulus 210 kN/mm2, shear modulus 80 kN/mm2, Poisson's Ratio 0.3, coefficient of thermal expansion 1.12 E−5/Co and yield strength 345 MPa for thickness ≤40 mm and 335 MPa for thickness >40 mm. The jacket structures are designed based on the code-based design method to meet the requirement as stipulated in international standards (AISC 2005; Malley 2007). The design of the jacket structure meets the code requirements with enough durability to withstand either in-service condition or extreme conditions.
Seismic response analysis of fixed jacket-type offshore structures based on power spectrum density Driven input
Published in Ships and Offshore Structures, 2022
Shehata E. Abdel Raheem, Elsayed M. Abdel Aal, Aly G. A. AbdelShafy, Mohamed F.M. Fahmy
In this study, an oil platform located in block 404 of Gulf of Suez, Egypt was originally designed and built as a four-pile platform installed in approximately 78 m water depth and penetrated below mudline. It had one Boat landing and six barge bumpers, there were nine conductors and three risers connected by the platform. The top of air gap zone (wave-deck clearance) located at an elevation of (+6.52 m) with respect to LAT. The platform consists of three parts as shown in Figure 3.