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State mineral resources policies
Published in Adam Piestrzyński, Mineral Deposits at the Beginning of the 21st Century, 2001
In most of Western Industrialized Countries, less developed countries of Asia, South America and in newly reformed countries the management of principal mineral resources in general is regulated by the underground (often in the form of Mining Law or Act) and environmental (Environment, Water, Land Laws, etc.) legislation. Usually, in Mining Law lays down the principles on how mining rights can be acquired and exercised. Undoubtedly, the claimant shall also act in compliance with the environmental, land use and other regulations. However, in some countries there are inconsistencies and discrepancies between various legislative instruments, which arise from the almost simultaneous reform of different legislative areas by separate specialized teams (Joyce 2000). Perhaps, sometime different aspects may be integrated, environmental and land use provisions, for example, being included in mining law – in that case it will correspond to Underground Law or Underground Code of other countries.
Definition and sources of water law
Published in Dante A. Caponera, Marcella Nanni, Principles of Water Law and Administration, 2019
Dante A. Caponera, Marcella Nanni
Mining law regulates the management and operation of mining activities, i.e., those relating to the abstraction of solid or gaseous minerals. Often the licencing authorities for minerals authorize mining operations which include the right to abstract and take as much water as is necessary. In addition, in a number of countries groundwater is considered as a mineral. Therefore, mining law may regulate groundwater extraction. This legal discipline or similar legislation may also regulate the use of thermal or mineral waters in cases where these waters are considered as mineral resources.
Regulatory and economic challenges in the production of geothermal brine from a mature oil field
Published in Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy, 2022
Daria Karasalihović Sedlar, Tomislav Kurevija, Marija Macenić, Ivan Smajla
The paper suggests that such a project should be divided into three phases covering project preparation, implementation and exploitation. In the first phase, the preparation of documentation and permits requires the cooperation of the partners as well as the Hydrocarbons Agency and the Ministry of Environmental Protection and Energy, which are the reference authorities for exploration and production. In the case of exploitation of an oil aquifer for thermal purposes, state administrative authorities must be consulted to obtain permits for exploitation. Legislation, especially the Law on Hydrocarbon Exploration and exploitation and the Mining Law, do not regulate the vertical division of reservoirs or the separation of mining units and their inclusion in new concessions on the same territory, especially if they are the same hydrodynamic units on already approved concessions, as is the case with the proposed options of the analyzed Case study.
Application of the bootstrap method in low-sampled Upper Miocene sandstone hydrocarbon reservoirs: a case study
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2021
Josip Ivšinović, Maria Alzira Pimenta Dinis, Tomislav Malvić, Dubravka Pleše
It is known that formation water is a by-product of the oil industry and is produced together with oil and/or gas. Heavy metals, radioactive substances, inorganic and organic substances, residual chemicals used in the process of hydrocarbon production, etc., can be dissolved in the formation water. Formation water is separated in the process of dehydration, and it is free and bound water in oil or water droplets in a stream of gas. According to mining law, and due to the harmful effects of formation water on the environment, it is necessary to return all quantities of stratified water to the oil or gas reservoir, due to its toxic effect. Consequently, for reasons of environmental impact, it is thus necessary to determine the volume of storage and the economic CDFW as correctly as possible. The bootstrap method allows for the elimination of large uncertainties related to the data of these variables, which directly affects the energy efficiency of the hydrocarbon field and the cost-effective production of hydrocarbons. Accordingly, these aspects must be fully considered as relevant in valuing the importance of the role of the bootstrap method, thus contributing to the environmental sustainability of calculations involving geological data at this level.
Estimating the injury rates and causes of fatalities in the Japanese mining industry, 1924–2014
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2022
The period 1924–1945 coincides with the prewar era. During this period, the mining industry became one of the largest employers, accounting for a mean of 95,388 workers employed. The mean accident rate was 333.40/1000 workers, the mean severe injury rate was 48.98/1000 workers and the mean fatality rate was 3.30/1000 workers. This period is characterized by a high risk of accidents. The Mining Law, enacted in 1905, did not reach its goal of worker protection because the number of sufferers (seriously injured, slightly injured and killed) remained high. This law was amended in 1924, leading to a gradual improvement of the working environment in the mines until the eruption of the Second World War. The wartime witnessed a degradation of safety for miners.