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Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) of Materials and Structures from Production to Retirement
Published in Yoseph Bar-Cohen, Advances in Manufacturing and Processing of Materials and Structures, 2018
The particles may be coated with lubricants and color dyes or fluorescent materials to aid visibility. Parts tested using visible dye coatings are inspected under white light; those tested using fluorescent magnetic particles are inspected under near-ultraviolet (UV) radiation (wave length 365 nm) from a filtered mercury-arc lamp. Typically, wet fluorescent magnetic particles define small discontinuities better than dry particles in visible light. Tests of these types are often used on piping, tubing, and weld root beads and completed fillet welds on steel structures. They also are used widely on jet engine turbine blades made of ferromagnetic materials, including some cobalt-base alloys. In other test systems, replication is made of the magnetic field patterns on flexible magnetic recording media. Magnetic recording techniques permit electronic imaging of defects and provide records that can be stored, transmitted, or reproduced (Al-Naemi et al., 2006; Mukhopadhyay and Srivastava, 2000). MFL tests have wide applications in industrial inspection. Typical testing includes examinations of longitudinal welds in pipe during fabrication and oil-field equipment, including oil-well drill pipe, tubing, line pipe, and structures. Pipelines are regularly inspected for wall thinning using MFL. Internal inspection devices called pigs are used for inspecting buried pipelines. Similar tests can be made on structures and piping in chemical plants and petroleum refineries.
Vibration of Continuous Systems
Published in William T. Thomson, Theory of Vibration with Applications, 2018
Using the frequency equation developed in the previous example, determine the first two natural frequencies of an oil-well drill pipe 500 ft long, fixed at the upper end and terminating at the lower end to a drill collar 120 ft long. The average values for the drill pipe and drill collar are given as Drill pipe: outside diameter = 412 in.inside diameter = 3.83 in.IP=0.00094ft4,l=5000ftJrod=IPρl=0.00094×49032.2×5000=71.4lb⋅ft⋅s2Drill collar: outside diameter=758in.inside diameter = 2.0 in.J0=0.244×120ft=29.3lb⋅ft⋅s2
Crude Oil
Published in Anco S. Blazev, Energy Security for The 21st Century, 2021
A special drill bit is mounted at the end of the drill that actually cuts up the rock. These come in many shapes and materials, such as tungsten carbide steel, diamond, etc. Drill bits are usually specifically designed for the different drilling tasks and rock formations. Finally, the casing is large-diameter concrete pipe that lines the drill hole and prevents it from collapsing and leaking. It also allows the drilling mud that is pumped into the smaller drill pipe to circulate to the surface.
Stick slip characteristics analysis of drill string system with longitudinal and torsional coupling tool
Published in Petroleum Science and Technology, 2022
Jialin Tian, Gang Liu, Haolin Song, Chenghang Liu, Feng Wen
Comparing Figure 6 with Figure 9, it can be seen that after adding longitudinal and torsional coupling tool, the stick-slip phenomenon of the drill string system is obviously controlled. The angular displacement and angular velocity of the bit show the characteristics of attenuated oscillation and keep stable after a period of time. Due to the existence of longitudinal vibration, its angular velocity will tremble slightly. The comparative analysis results show that the proposed tool can effectively suppress the stick-slip phenomenon of the drill string due to the coupling of longitudinal and torsional vibration. So the bit can keep drilling smoothly, reduce drill bit wear, and reduce the possibility of drill pipe failure due to fatigue fracture.