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Cross-Provider Cooperation for Network-Based Localization
Published in Chao Gao, Guorong Zhao, Hassen Fourati, Cooperative Localization and Navigation, 2019
Figure 15.5 further reports five numerical error measures, including mean error, standard deviation of error, median error, 67%, and 90% circular error probability (CEP). CEP is the radius of a circle whose center is at the true location and contains the location estimates within a probability. From Figure 15.5, LCE reduces the median error and 67% CEP by 24.73%–30% and 18.18%–19.51%, respectively, compared to UW and LR. Note that only the 67% CEP of LCE decreases to 99 m, satisfying the FCC accuracy requirement for network-based positioning techniques. Figure 15.5 shows that the proposed LCE method provides the best positioning performance among all the compared approaches. This can be explained by the LCE mechanism's ability to dynamically embed the provider weights according to the estimated location and iteratively refine the cooperative process. Compared to LR, the dominant provider in LCE is the one with greater local accuracy surrounding the user, rather than the one with the best performance on average.
Radiolocation Techniques
Published in Jerry D. Gibson, The Communications Handbook, 2018
Gordon L. Stüber, James J. Caffery
A simple measure of accuracy is the CEP which is defined as the radius of the circle that has its center at the mean and contains half the realizations of a random vector. The CEP is a measure of the uncertainty in the location estimator xs relative to its mean E[xJ. If the location estimator is unbiased, the CEP is a measure of the estimator uncertainty relative to the true MS position. If the magnitude of the bias vector is bounded by B, then with a probability of one-half, a particular estimate is within a distance of B + CEP from the true position.
Simulation Optimization
Published in Natalie M. Scala, James P. Howard, Handbook of Military and Defense Operations Research, 2020
Shane N. Hall, Brian M. Wade, Benjamin G. Thengvall
The accuracy of a ballistic or cruise missile is quantified by its circular error probable (CEP). The CEP is the radius of a circle, centered at the aim point, in which 50% of the weapons are expected to land (Driels, 2004). For both guided and unguided missiles, the CEP along with the probability of different terminal guidance states can be used to calculate the impact location as explained in Driels (2004).
Single-Baseline Long-Distance RTK using a CLS GNSS Module and Open-Source Software: A Case Study from India
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2023
Somnath Mahato, Mrinal Goswami, Surajit Kundu, Anindya Bose
CEP (Circle of Error Probable) is the radius of a circle-centered at the average position, containing the position estimate with a probability of 50%, that is, CEP specifies the radius of a circle within which 50% of the values occur and is expressed by SEP (Spherical Error Probable) is the radius of the sphere centered at the average position, containing the position estimate in 3d with a probability of 50%. Therefore, SEP prescribes the radius of the sphere centering the average value in which 50% of all 3d positioning points (latitude, longitude and altitude) will be confined. It is expressed by the following equation.