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Training /Practice Ammunitions
Published in Ajoy K. Bose, Military Pyrotechnics, 2021
The cartridge consists of a cartridge case, a chemical filled (smoke composition) projectile and a fuze with a small explosive charge to provide a visible and audible verification at point of impact. The cartridge is identified by the markings on the cartridge case and a yellow projectile tip. The projectile impacts with the target. The point detonating fuze functions and an explosion charge within the fuze ignites the smoke composition and ejects it out the base of the projectile. Figure 36.3 shows cartridge, 14.5 mm, trainer-spotter, M183A1.
Effect of bio-inspired surface pattern (Pangolin’s scales) and grooved mechanisms on the high velocity ballistic performance of aluminum 6061-T6 targets
Published in Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures, 2022
S. Suresh Kumar, Pranaav Sankar, Rakesh Kumar J., Vignesh Kumar S.
In order to defend the numerical observations, high velocity ballistic experiments were conducted on a aluminum target with internally spaced grooves at its thickness direction. The other conditions (ballistic resistance of straight and dynamic target) were compared with published results of Sundaram al. [32]. Due to manufacturing complexity of pangolin’s shaped targets and cost considerations, experimental approach has not been attempted. Figure 8 shows the schematic arrangement of high velocity ballistic experimentation test set up. Armor piercing projectile of 9 mm diameter was used and the projectile’s velocity was controlled by varying the amount of gunpowder in the cartridge prior to each hit. Aluminum 6061-T6 targets of 125x125x10 was considered and fixed with the back plate. APPs with hard steel core having a mass of 7.85 g were fired at 0° angle of attack from a distance of 10 m from the target plate. The striking velocity of the projectile and range between the gun barrel and target were selected as per the military standard MIL-DTL-32333 (MR). An infrared light-emitting diodes were placed in between the gun barrel and the target area to measure the striking velocity of the projectile for each shot. The depth of bulge caused by the projectile impact into the base plate was measured.
Comprehensive characterization of firing byproducts generated from small arms firing of lead-free frangible ammunition
Published in Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 2022
Ryan McNeilly, Jacob Kirsh, John Hatch, Ariel Parker, Jerimiah Jackson, Steven Fisher, John Kelly, Christin Duran
An enclosed chamber was constructed to contain the weapons and firing emissions for sampling and collection. The chamber was constructed with ½ in. (1.27 cm) polycarbonate for the walls, floor, and lid. Chamber dimensions were 48 in. (121.9 cm) in length by 24 in. (61 cm) in height and width. The lid was sealed using a silicone gasket and toggle clamps, so it could be removed for weapon installation and for cleaning between firing events. Inside the chamber was an aluminum frame for mounting the weapons (Figure 1A and B). A ballistics gel cartridge was used as the exit port for the bullet, allowing the round to pass through and reseal, minimizing the loss of emissions (Figure 1C). Three sampling ports were placed on top of the chamber directly above the M4 ejection port, equally spaced to minimize differences in air sampled. A high-efficiency particulate air filtered port provided clean makeup air to replace the volume of air pulled by sampling instruments, located at the top of the chamber near the ballistics port exit. A flowmeter was used to monitor the flow rate of makeup air and determine the quality of the chamber seal. Makeup air flow rate varied between 6 and 10 liters per minute (lpm). The flow was monitored prior to each firing event, and the seal was adjusted if the flow was below the minimum of 6 lpm. An operator remotely fired the weapons from the firing range control tower through a series of safety switches in which a solenoid activated, contracting the weapon trigger (Figure 1D and E).
On the effects of circuit parameters on electrical behaviour of metallic powders subjected to high rate discharge compaction process
Published in Powder Metallurgy, 2020
A. Darvizeh, M. Alitavoli, N. Namazi
The concept of using Electric Discharge Compaction (EDC) process to produce powder metallurgy bars with a relatively high density was originally proposed by Clyens et al. [5]. In the EDC process, the electricity stored in bank of capacitors is discharged by means of a spark switch, allowing an instantaneous current pass through the circuit and creating a nearly instantaneous large potential difference across the powder column. Alp et al. [6] reported that by using suitable arrangements of powder particle size in EDC method, a wide range of metal powders (Fe, Ni, Co, Al, Cr, Ti, Cr, Mo) can be compacted successfully to produce industrial parts with complicated shapes. Also, they modified EDC using an explosive cartridge gun to accelerate a projectile for impacting the powder column simultaneous with electrical discharge [7]. The obtained results showed that with this new technique, high density and improved strength components can be achieved as a result of mechanical inter-locking due to impact loading as well as inter-particle welding due to electrical discharge.