Berm

Berm

Design Criteria for Irrigation Canals

Published in Herman Depeweg, Krishna P. Paudel, Néstor Méndez V, Sediment Transport in Irrigation Canals, 2014

Herman Depeweg, Krishna P. Paudel, Néstor Méndez V

The hydraulically optimal cross-section has a minimized perimeter P, which results in a maximum flow velocity at minimum cost. However, the optimum hydraulic section is hardly ever applied; this is because it will not be stable due to relatively deep excavations and also any change in discharge severely affects the water depth and the velocity. A deep section is nevertheless applied wherever possible, because the expropriation costs will be less, the velocity is higher in a deep rather than in a shallow canal and the sediment transport capacity is larger in deeper canals (the transport capacity is linear with the bottom width, but exponential with the water depth). To limit the excavation and expropriation cost, canal side slopes are designed to be as steep as possible. Soil material, canal depth and the danger of seepage determine the maximum slope of a stable side slope. The side slope has to be stable under normal conditions, also against erosion. For deep excavations, an extra berm can be included to improve the slope stability. Table 4.6 presents some values for side slopes in irrigation canals.

Application of geospatial technique and hydrological modelling in evaluating reservoir sedimentation in Chhattisgarh state of India

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Journal Information

Published in ISH Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2023

Sandeep Soni, Champat Lal Dewangan, Ishtiyaq Ahmad, Himangshu Sarkar, Vivek Verma

In order to follow a contour and run counterclockwise in the direction of the water flow, contour trenches are dug down the slope. A berm is built on the dropping edge of the ditch using earth removed from the landfill.

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Design Criteria for Irrigation Canals

Application of geospatial technique and hydrological modelling in evaluating reservoir sedimentation in Chhattisgarh state of India