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Outdoor Emissions
Published in William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel, Reversibility of Chronic Disease and Hypersensitivity, Volume 4, 2017
William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel
Currently, houses in the residential areas on the east and west sides of the canal have been demolished. All that remains on the west side are abandoned residential streets. Some older eastside residents, whose houses stand alone in the demolished neighborhood, chose to stay. It was estimated that less than 90 of the original 900 families opted to stay.395 They were willing to stay as long as they were guaranteed that their homes were in a relatively safe area.409 On June 4, 1980, the Love Canal Area Revitalization Agency (LCARA) was founded to restore the area. The area, north to Love Canal, became known as Black Creek Village. LCARA wanted to resell 300 homes that had been bought by New York when the residents were relocated.409 These homes were farther away from where the chemicals had been dumped. The most toxic area (16 acres (65,000 m) has been reburied with a thick plastic liner clay and dirt. A 2.4-m (7 ft 109 in) high-barbed wire fence was constructed around this area.410 It has been calculated that 248 separate chemicals including 60 kg (130 lb) of dioxin have been unearthed from the canal.411
Dying of Thirst
Published in Maude Barlow, Tony Clarke, BLUE GOLD, 2017
The filth of the maquiladora, its lethal water, and its squalid poverty push thousands of young Mexicans away from their home country. Every night, they head for the border, trying to enter the United States illegally to seek a better life. The strips at the crossings are notoriously dirty and dangerous. Six-lane highways divide cities like Tijuana and Juárez from the desolate belts of dirt where the men gather at dusk. A steep cement drop leads to a slow-moving river of chemical sludge and raw sewage about two feet deep. On the other side, the cement wall inclines at a 90-degree angle, fenced in at the top by a huge barbed-wire electric fence and lit by floodlights. The stench along the strip is unbearable; human and animal excrement, used condoms and needles, and piles of garbage mix with the stinking little river of sludge the men must run through to get to the other side. The chemicals and sewage get on their feet and into their shoes. Whether they reach the U.S. or are caught by American security patrols and sent back, they have had to pass through this deadly, filthy river and may have to do so again.
The uncertainty principle
Published in M. R. McGuire, Thomas J. Holt, The Routledge Handbook of Technology, Crime and Justice, 2017
Dossiers and actuarial data, although dependent on passive sensors and computers, are soft discretionary tools intended to also shape the choices of individuals – both agents of control and potential offenders. Algorithms used by authorities for profiling are intended to manage criminal justice decisions. Information about engineered controls is communicated to potential violators in the hope that they will self-regulate after assessing the likely consequences. This can involve realizing that carrying out the offense is impossible or that, while possible to literally carry it out, the risks of identification and apprehension are too great, not to mention the other costs, such as bodily harm from climbing a barbed wire or electrified fence.
Experimental study on the removal of PM2.5 using modified carbon steel collectors with hydrophilic properties in wet ESPs
Published in Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 2021
Chunyan Xu, Pengfei Chen, Jingcai Chang, Zhenlei Deng, Shan Qing
The ESPs model adopted the horizontal wire-plate structure. The distance between the discharge and the collecting electrodes was 200 mm. As shown in the Figure 2(a), the discharge electrodes were made of eight parallel nichrome barbed wire with each length of 500 mm. A high-voltage power supply was connected with the discharge electrodes to establish the electrostatic field and generate ions. The power supply could generate an adjustable DC negative voltage from 0 kV to 70 kV and a maximum current of 10 mA. The total discharge current and applied voltage could be acquired directly from the display panel of the high-voltage supply. As shown in the Figure 2(b), the modified collecting electrodes (MCE) were prepared referred to GFCIII in the reference (Xu et al. 2015), each collecting electrode was 500 × 500 mm2, and the total useful length was 4 m. The MCE were connected to the nylon fabric with insulation sheet and bolts; the water pipe was wrapped in the nylon fabric (See Patent No.: CN201320818783.5 for installation details). The nylon fabric acted as an auxiliary means of water film distribution. The conventional rigid collectors (CRC) adopted the frequently-used type of Z480, each collector was 500 mm in height and 385 mm in width, and the total useful length was 4 m.
The importance of thermal modelling and prototyping in shelter design
Published in Building Research & Information, 2020
Daniel Fosas, Francis Moran, Sukumar Natarajan, John Orr, David Coley
Following the rationale presented for the cavity fill case, this one has an inner wall cladding of sandbags to benefit from even greater thermal mass (Fosas et al., 2018a) (Figure 4(g)). The sandbags measured 600 mm long × 250 mm wide × 150 mm high. In order to save time these were filled off-site and delivered ready for use. The sandbags were bought in long strips, cut down to length and a ribbon was sewn on for tying up the bag. At 600 mm long, each sandbag weighs 45 kg. The sandbags were compacted using a heavy club hammer, angle straps were fitted to the shelter steel frame and a barbed wire was laid around the perimeter every fifth row. The height of the sandbags was taken to eaves height and up to 1.25 m on the external side of the kitchen wall.
Research on the shielding effect of the electrode frames in the electrostatic precipitator
Published in Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 2023
Haibao Zhao, Gang Yang, Jiadong Shen, Baiqian Liu, Ziqiang Lyu
In many electrostatic processes, parallel wire electrode arrangements are widely used to generate corona discharges. The RS barbed electrode wire is a type of corona discharge electrode that has been applied to more than 1000 ESPs. The RS barbed electrode wire consists of a steel tube support and several barbed electrodes spaced 100 mm apart, as shown in Figure 2b. The barbed wire is cold rolled from 0.7 mm thick steel plate. The sectional and 3D diagrams are shown in Figure 2b, respectively. The tip radius of the barbed electrode is 0.35 mm.